Essay on Race and Loyalty in Othello - 955 Words

Race and Loyalty in Othello nbsp; William Shakespeare`s Othello is a play set in Venice. The plot is based on a story about two people who love each other dearly and the problems and conflicts they face from the start. The conflicts are, for the most part, tied in with racial issues and questions of loyalty. These conflicts stem from the society around the couple, as well as from the couple themselves as they too are part of this society, but with very different backgrounds: The female protagonist is the daughter of a highly-respected Venetian senator: Brabantio. Othello--also known as the Moor--is a foreigner, black in color, has a past filled with tragic and exotic tales and has proved himself worthy of the title General in the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Desdemona has actively sought to alienate herself from the other Venetians by marrying him. Othello, on the other hand, seems to be more than anxious to conform with Venetian ideals. By adding Moor rather t han a name or his position Brabantio emphasises Othello`s difference (=blackness). Brabantio dehumanises Othello, by taking away his name, his individuality and in so doing makes Othello acutely aware of his difference as well as well as making him believe that he is a barbarian. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; When he says if thou hast eyes to see what he may be saying is that in order to see what Brabantio sees i.e Desdemona`s marriage as a betrayal he must see the whole situation through Venetian spectacles, ot it could reflect Brabantio`s assumption that only if he is totally blinded by love he will fail to see what Desdemona really is. End-rhyme serves as a nice rounding off of the statement making it easy to remember.In III.iii200,209 Iago repeats the main ideas very effectively. My life upon her faith (I.iii.295) is Othello`s reassuring response the first time this suggestion is put to him. Or is it so reassuring? Does he mean his faith in her or her faith in him, or her Christian faith which in Venice also includes obeying her father? If the latter alternative is the case than his faith in her may notShow MoreRelated Race and Loyalty in Othello Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesRace and Loyalty in Othello    William Shakespeare`s Othello is centralized around the conflicts that are, for the most part, tied in with racial issues and questions of loyalty. These conflicts stem from the society that encompass the couple, as well as from the couple themselves.   Indeed the couple are entrenched in different social strata, class and ethnicity.   The female protagonist is the daughter of a highly-respected Venetian senator: Brabantio. Othello--also known as the Moor--is a foreignerRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeare ´s Othello737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, a play by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 1600’s. If Othello was written in a different time, 21st century America, the view of people of different genders and races would differ, women would be held to a more equal social standard and the issue of Othello being black, wouldn’t be as prominent when he marries Desdemona. This play was written in a time where it was essential to follow cultural values. During this time women were expected to respect all maleRead MoreOthello : Vulnerability Destroys Virtues Of A Great Leader1601 Words   |  7 PagesOthello: Vulnerability Destroys Virtues Of A Great Leader Thesis: Even though Othello considers to be vulnerable is a weakness, his temperance and prudence should never come in conflict with his leadership principles because Iago despises Othello and manipulates him therefore, Othello becomes vulnerable resulting in his death. 1. Othello believes that being vulnerable is a sign of weakness. A. Othello will not expunge himself from his race and ethnicity, for he knows glorifying his heritageRead MoreRacism In Othello Analysis829 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in Othello.† Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 44, no. 3, Oct. 1993, p. 304. In this article, the author relates the idea of primal scene to racism in â€Å"Othello†. Primal scene is a psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. This theory claims once a child imagines or sees their parents having sexual relations they will be unable to repress this image from reappearing in their mind. The author relates this theory to the play â€Å"Othello† by mentioningRead MoreRacism In Othello Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesputs forward the argument that Elizabethan Englishmen saw the African Natives as being barbarous and treacherous. These views are present in Shakespeare’s Othello through the characters of Iago, Rodrigo and Brabantio. However, these opinions were not shared by most of the characters until tragedy strikes and darkness of jealousy consumes Othello. Shakespeare expresses the racial prejudice that is evident in his period through the characters of Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio. The play starts with IagoRead MoreA Summary of Shakespeares Othello Essay852 Words   |  4 Pageswith Othello – an older black man, an outsider to Venetian society. Turns out, this is a pretty intrepid move – Desdemona not only defies her fathers expectations (that she marry a white man of his choosing), she also thumbs her nose at a society that largely disapproves of interracial marriages. In this way, Desdemonas relationship with Othello speaks to the plays concerns with Sixteenth Century attitudes about sex, gender, and race. Desdemona withholds many attributes to the play Othello by ShakespeareRead MoreThe Mirror Of Weaknesses Of Shakespeare s Othello Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesHumans are contradictions, which good and evil nature both exists. The grand tragic play Othello written by Shakespeare illustrates the contradictions in hu man natures through the display of tragic falls of various characters such as Othello, Iago, and Roderigo. Othello, the protagonist of the play, fell in love with the daughter of a nobleman, Desdemona. However, this relationship is soon broken up because Othello believed the accusation from Iago, Othello’s subordinate, towards Desdemona for havingRead MoreOthello Critical Reading Journal. English Iv Honors. Swanson.1206 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Critical Reading Journal English IV Honors Swanson Act I Othello’s position in society is that of a military commander. He is also and insider yet outsider due to his race. In scene II, he is manifested as a respectable character. Brabantio believes Othello isn’t good enough for his daughter because he’s black. He also may be upset because she eloped. Iago’s view of human nature is doesn t respect people that serves others blindly but he respects those who follows and does it to theirRead MoreOthello And Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages(at least initially) everything that ought to be desired in a marriage: mutual respect, passion, empathy and loyalty. However, while sentiments of love and compassion circulate within the happy couple’s luxurious home, their surrounding neighborhood is filled with vitriol and paranoia: â€Å"Who is this animal that has bewitched sweet Desdemona?† they ask. The differences that separate Othello and Desdemona do not perturb them, but are starkly obvious and unnerving to the judgmental citizens of VeniceRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1579 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscriminated against due to your race? In Othello by William Shakespeare the theme of race is evident through out the play and is a very critical aspect towards the plot. Since Othello has a strong sense of self he is able to counter-balance the overt racism he is faced with in the beginning because he is respected and has high stature as a war general. Him and his wife lived happily without worrying what others thought of their bi-racial marriage. But, when Othello hears rumors of his wife’s possible

Comparing Fall of the House of Usher and The Cask of...

Compare Contrast Edgar Allan Poe Short Stories Introduction The Fall of the House of Usher and The Cask of Amontillado are two of Edgar Allan Poes most well-known and noteworthy stories. This paper compares and contrasts the two stories and provides and outline as well. The Fall of the House of Usher is based on terror just as The Cask of Amontillado (hereafter called Cask) is based on terror but there are many different components that Poe uses that contrast with the Cask, and they will be pointed out. According to Brett Zimmerman, writing in the peer-reviewed journal Mosaic (Winnipeg), explains that it is remarkable how many allegorical explanations have been expressed regarding The Fall of the House of Usher (hereafter referred to as Usher) (Zimmerman, 2010, p. 1). In Usher, the allegory is psychological, Zimmerman explains, and the scholar believes (along with many other scholars) that the actual house of Usher represents Rodericks psyche. In the story the narrator enters the house and he is then led through many dark and intricate passages while looking for Rodericks studio; but Zimmerman suggests that that tour through the house is actually an allegorical journey into the organs in the human skull. Poe clearly gives clues that allow the alert reader to detect the correspondence between Rodericks cranial features and his activities and temperament (Zimmerman, 2). In the functioning of Rodericks brain there are illogical andShow MoreRelated Edgar Allen Poe and Humor Essay1915 Words   |  8 PagesEdgar Allen Poe and Humor Edgar Allen Poe is most often recognized, and certainly most famous, for his poem â€Å"The Raven† as well as other decidedly dark and often gothic poems and stories, stories such as â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† â€Å"The Telltale Heart† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† He also wrote many others mostly involving rather macabre, dark topics and characters as well as heavy themes such as insanity, madness, incest, murder and revenge. While this reputation is certainly well earned

Integrating Metrics Marketing Curriculum - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Integrating Metrics Marketing Curriculum? Answer: Introduction: Woolworths is the leading company involved in the Australian retail marketing. It provides basically every grocery items required by an individual under one roof. This includes fruits, vegetables, packaged products and meat (Woolworths.com.au, 2018). Moreover, it started selling products like stationary items, DVDs and magazines. Recently the company has diversified its product range by providing jewelry, bags, clothing, household items and accessories. In the recent times it has more than thousand stores in Australia, which includes maximum super marketing and various convenience stores. In the current scenario, the organization is marketing its product using through online and social media platform. Woolworths has recently generated a mobile app for the consumer to make their grocery purchases. It provides facilities like speedy billing services to make sure that the process is faster and provide maximum satisfaction to their customers. Moreover the marketing management techniques used by the organization helps in retaining its position in the competitive business market. Furthermore, its marketing technique using social media platform and digital communication helps in providing timely feedback from the customer. This helps the organization in constantly innovating and creating new marketing process. Marketing management in the business environment: Marketing is the most vital activity for a business as it affects both the sales and productivity for a business simultaneously (Hutchinson et al., 2015). The key element of the business marketing efforts is in creating maximum satisfaction to the consumer, which would benefit both the organization and the customer. Marketing is an important business function that is significant for all the industries whether it is profit or non-profit organization. Marketing is the organizational area that involves interacting with the public more often. As the customer believes that the organization is creative based and dynamic based on their advertizing message. At a much broader level, marketing generally offers crucial benefits to the community. This includes developing products for satisfying the needs of the consumers and enhancing the quality of life of the society. Woolworths sells a variety of products including clothing, food, vital products and home ware. They also facilitates financial services with Abas bank as the joint venture the financial plan provides the consumer with various services, Luke store cards, customer loans and the visa cards of Woolworths (McDonagh Prothero, 2014). Woolworths current potential target market includes the living standard measures and high income earners. The organization is planning to target its potential customer so that they could purchase clothes and foods. Woolworths is a leading organization in market grocery sales and serve more than 10 millions consumer per week. During the mid 1980s, Woolworths was regarded as the biggest retailers of food in the Australia. By the time 2001, it gained more than 38 % in the national grocery market. Therefore it has now become leader in the market grocery sales for serving millions of consumers per week. The marketing strategy of the organization focuses on quality, greater conveniences, lower prices and range is gaining strong consumer acceptance. The major focus remains on building sustainable business management by continuously improving the consumer services by offering rewards to the potential customers with quality, better value, lower prices, freshness, convenience and services (Rokka, Hietanen Brownlie, 2016). Strategic management process of Woolworths: Woolworths has initiated various vital marketing strategies by overcome the existing threats and living a long-lasting impact on the customers. The organization has been able to satisfy the demands and requirements of the customers by providing them product diversification, prices and quality. The major outstanding marketing strategies of Woolworths are the application of its e-commerce instrument through its website. The products displayed on the company websites major emphasis is given to its grocery items, which is the strength of Woolworths (Fischer, 2015). This aspect helps in gaining competitive advantage over its competitors like Aldi and Coles by ensuring its image related to The fresh food for people. Therefore, this helps in providing the customer with better understanding for the product. Woolworths main vision is to deliver its customer with right shopping experience every time. Moreover, the mission statement of the company states that they lead their consumers through efficiency and excellence, providing the deep knowledge for their services and products. The main strategic priority of the company is to create multi option retailing related to better quality services and products, low prices and in stores experience for meeting the requirements of the consumers (Chang, Yu Lu, 2015). Woolworths has proved to be the largest online retailer in New Zealand and Australia by reaching its set goal of AUD$1 millions sales in the online channel by the end of financial year 2104. The practices used by the Woolworths to achieve the strategic priorities include the following: Extend leadership in liquor and food: Re-establishing the market campaign for boosting business growth by adding values to the stakeholders so that they can expand the market shares in Australia. It also emphasizes using reinvigorating progress to the countrys retailing industry by becoming leader in facilitating in-store services, values and fresh product. Maintaining track record for building new growth: Woolworths operations aims to be the most worthy and trusted leaders in multi options retailing. It is supporting innovative and creative start for developing sustainable, unique and profitable improvements. Its approaches to new domestic areas and multinational market opportunities through social media are highly significant (Singh et al., 2017). Maximizing its shareholders value: Woolworths has accelerates the alignment with Big W offered to their new customers. . It improves the long-term relationship with the organizational stakeholders and further adding extra value by investing in businesses for them (Felix, Rauschnabel Hinsch, 2017). Moreover, changing the staffing policy to take advantages by using international and local best talents is crucial. SWOT analysis of Woolworths: Strong financial performances: Woolworths majority of businesses, like Safeway Supermarket, Dan Murphys and Big W have presented significant financial status in the past few years (Agnihotri et al., 2016). Woolworths has reached to 7.96% increase in revenue in the five years, which is generally high than the other competitors like Bi-Lo and Coles (Woolworths.com.au, 2018). Updating more facilities and opening more stores is the organization major strengths. Reputation and trusted brand name Woolworths has been ranked as the leading retailer in overall leadership and responding creatively to the needs of the customers. Moreover, by the end of 2012, the organization was voted as the leading sustainable retailer for in New Zealand and Australia in the term of range of products, business size, price and services. Better relationship with its suppliers: Woolworths has focus mainly on developing long-term relationship with their suppliers and producers. The organization is proud of its relationship with their suppliers. Its program Fresh Food Future was implemented for promoting sustainable agriculture by helping farmers and awarding about it via social media (McCabe, 2017). Weaknesses Significantly increasing debt The debt rate has risen considerably by the year 2012 as compared to its last five previous years which is increasing the possibility of organizations financial risks. Opportunities: Increasing online retailing: Since the last few years, the future of Woolworths has increased significantly due to advent of computerization. The advancement of latest technology, manufacturing innovations, supply chain and variations in the life style of the consumers has expanded the online retailing industry. The industry now is driven by internet development and digital commerce (Lamberton Stephen, 2016). Through its online shopping for its quality business all over New Zealand and Australia has significantly increased the profit of the Woolworths in the recent years. After downloading the available app of Woolworths in their phones, the consumer can easily get access to Big Ws shopping website. This further led to increase in 10% of transactions during its 2012 promotions (Armstrong, Delia Giardina, 2016). Threats The increasing competition among the countrys major retailer is the main threat to Woolworths. The organizations everyday low price strategy is now applied in a different way by its competitor Coles through its price rewind strategy. The other threats of Woolworths in the organizations market are unpredictability in Australian business environment. Marketing Strategy: Marketing strategy are the fundamental goals set by the organization for increasing it sales and achieving sustainable competitive advantages. The major competitor of Woolworths is Coles, as both the organization are the leading retail business in Australia dominating over 80% of the retail industry, which give rise to duopoly (Woolworths.com.au., 2018). Woolworths has initiated grocery discounts and pro option are generally done by celebrities for its premium label products to create a positive impact on it sales. Woolworths has set its values and strategies by the following ways: Marketing their products responsively and ultimately become a brand value driven business To be a customer focused business by improving their core offer by ensuring that the consumers put Woolworths at first (Wardle Chang, 2015). To improve availability and growth by meeting the customers need as well as Ensuring that the workers right are respected. To simplify the business model and ensuring efficiency of business through its lean retail model. The organization has initiated its new value and pricing strategy for increasing the sales. The online prices have been made aligned with the store pricing. Recently variety of click collect locations is installed by Woolworths to increase their customer convenience and also including drive-thru collection points. The companys online marketing strategy is positioning themselves as the proactive and aware leader in the retail industry (Devin Richards, 2016). The strategies techniques used by Woolworths lead generation through brand awareness and consideration leading to direct sales Marketing plan using digital communication: More than 85% population in the world are using internet for purchasing and almost half of the internet users are generally regular online shoppers purchasing goods online at least once in a month (Spiller Tuten, 2015). The decision making process of the consumers are greatly influenced by the fellow customers. As the recommendations and comments posted by them about the products or services greatly affects the fellow consumers and they review the products or services thoroughly before purchasing a product or services. In the recent times people are increasingly blocking or filtering the traditional marketing approach. Woolworths use digital communication techniques through its outbound and inbound marketing. Te outbound marketing of the organization includes prints ads, emails, telemarketing, trade shows and TV ads, which are generally resisted. Moreover, the inbound marketing strategies of the organization include social media, blogging, RS, viral videos and free trials. Previously the concept of word of mouth has now been replaced by word of mouse. The consumer engagement and participation through the digital communication helps in developing credibility and building reputation for Woolworths. The potential customer provides feedback enhancing the organizations brand name by conveying their opinions. It further helps in exhibiting capabilities, news and expertise to the society at large (Saeidi et al., 2015). Woolworths provide its real time conversation and news though the latest digital communication techniques. Recently the social program is strategically integrated into the companys marketing mix and the followers are able to learn about the brands and eventually becoming leads and the ultimate customer of the organization (Ngai, Tao Moon, 2015). Internet marking through online advertizing and selling is helping Woolw orths in unlocking the potential customers unaware of its latest products or services. Overlays and hotspots are the strategic placement of digital brand integration is used by blending Woolworths branded products into most viewed program through video pre-roll. Social media platform usage: The marketing communication done through social media and its users are significantly becoming important as nowadays, the marketers are becoming very proficient in it. Social media includes You Tube, Blogs, face book, Linked in, twitter and websites. The three spheres of social media are generally done through sharing, publishing and networking. The marketing plan used by Woolworths using the social media is effective for building anticipation and exclusive information. The mobile and internet application is providing new platform for advertizing and marketing. The media consumption usage is increasing day by day. The information or the marketing plan first catches the eye of the customer creating awareness. This is followed by reviewing the information about the products or services and raising consideration or favorability for the product. Finally this leads to the purchasing of the products online. Woolworths is using these marketing techniques since many years and thus raising it s loyal customers (Peloza Montford, 2015). Woolworths segments its market by creating a rich CRM database and updating it with their each and every customer contact. A target potential market is further created through e-mail marketing campaign to track about the behavior of its potential customers or the users. Woolworths develop their personalized web experience by providing multi-channel entry through phone and email. Moreover, the latest marketing plan using digital communication enables in capturing the sales details for the organization. Woolworths uses online video commercials that generally occur prior to a video online, which is typically of 30 seconds in length. The organization uses pre-roll advertizing techniques for marketing. The pre-roll strategic techniques guarantee that the consumer would see and hear the commercial before the actual streaming start for the video content. It is a simplest technique of utilizing the online media for promoting a product and services. Responsible marketing of Woolworths: Woolworths Ltd. believes in loyalty and maintaining trust for the customers as its cornerstones. The organization is continually initiating new strategies for building trust as well as rewards its customers. With more than 3500 locations and being an important part of the society, it serves the community by becoming a significant contributor to the communities across New Zealand and Australia. Woolworths believes in buying and selling its product responsibly by providing safe and quality products (Wu et al., 2015). They deliver choice and values for its consumers that mostly focus on their wellbeing and health. Woolworths is committed in upholding their human rights by respecting it employees as well as its supply chain. They believe in responsible buying by dealing fairly and acting reasonably with all their trading partners. Woolworths will create in the near future affordable healthcare eating index that will be based on the customers shopping habits. This strategy would help the customers by supporting them in making healthier food choices by providing knowledge, inspiration for the customers to get more affordable healthy foods easily (Carey, Parker Scrinis, 2017). The main aim of the organization is to invest in generating products that would help in improving the brand portfolio besides serving the potential customers and communities. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be conclude that efficient marketing management and digital communication techniques in the recent times can maximize the growth of the organization. Woolworths online shopping marketing strategy has increased its brand visibility at a global level. New and rising consumer behavior besides the growth of media has made the traditional marketing strategies ineffective. The future communication strategy involves media integration with the marketing management of the business. The organization believes in earning the consumers trust by enabling them in making decisions that would be beneficial for their own health and increasing organizations goodwill. Woolworths collaboratively engage with their stakeholders for the benefits of the society. It is the leading retail store online through its system excellence and creating sustainable sales momentum in the food industry. Furthermore, the organization has increase its customer in the recent years due to its low pricing str ategy and inspiring healthy choices to its customer and supporting the overall community by providing responsible services. References: Agnihotri, R., Dingus, R., Hu, M. Y., Krush, M. T. (2016). Social media: Influencing customer satisfaction in B2B sales.Industrial Marketing Management,53, 172-180. Armstrong, C. G., Delia, E. B., Giardina, M. D. (2016). Embracing the social in social media: An analysis of the social media marketing strategies of the Los Angeles Kings.Communication Sport,4(2), 145-165. Carey, R., Parker, C., Scrinis, G. (2017). Capturing the meaning of free range: The contest between producers, supermarkets and consumers for the higher welfare egg label in Australia.Journal of Rural Studies,54, 266-275. Chang, Y. T., Yu, H., Lu, H. P. (2015). Persuasive messages, popularity cohesion, and message diffusion in social media marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(4), 777-782. Devin, B., Richards, C. (2016). Food waste, power, and corporate social responsibility in the Australian food supply chain.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-12. Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Hinsch, C. (2017). Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework.Journal of Business Research,70, 118-126. Fischer, E. (2015). Towards more marketing research on gender inequality.Journal of Marketing Management,31(15-16), 1718-1722. Hutchinson, K., Donnell, L. V., Gilmore, A., Reid, A. (2015). Loyalty card adoption in SME retailers: the impact upon marketing management.European Journal of Marketing,49(3/4), 467-490. Lamberton, C., Stephen, A. T. (2016). A thematic exploration of digital, social media, and mobile marketing: research evolution from 2000 to 2015 and an agenda for future inquiry.Journal of Marketing,80(6), 146-172. McCabe, M. B. (2017). Social media marketing strategies for career advancement: An analysis of LinkedIn.Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences,29(1), 85. McDonagh, P., Prothero, A. (2014). Sustainability marketing research: Past, present and future.Journal of Marketing Management,30(11-12), 1186-1219. Ngai, E. W., Tao, S. S., Moon, K. K. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks.International Journal of Information Management,35(1), 33-44. Peloza, J., Ye, C., Montford, W. J. (2015). When companies do good, are their products good for you? How corporate social responsibility creates a health halo.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,34(1), 19-31. Rokka, J., Hietanen, J., Brownlie, D. (2016). Screening marketing: videography and the expanding horizons of filmic research.Journal of Marketing Management. Saeidi, S. P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S. P., Saaeidi, S. A. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(2), 341-350. Singh, S., Sao, A., Nagare, T. B., Dharmarajan, A. (2017). Role of Social Media Marketing In Brand Building: The New Age Marketing Strategy.International Journal of Scientific Research, 5 (9). Spiller, L., Tuten, T. (2015). Integrating metrics across the marketing curriculum: The digital and social media opportunity.Journal of Marketing Education,37(2), 114-126. Wardle, J. L., Chang, S. (2015). Cross?promotional alcohol discounting in Australia's grocery sector: a barrier to initiatives to curb excessive alcohol consumption?.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,39(2), 124-128. Woolworths.com.au. (2018).{{metaController.metaData.title}}.Woolworths.com.au. Retrieved 21 January 2018, from https://www.woolworths.com.au/ Wu, J. H., Neal, B., Trevena, H., Crino, M., Stuart-Smith, W., Faulkner-Hogg, K., ... Dunford, E. (2015). Are gluten-free foods healthier than non-gluten-free foods? An evaluation of supermarket products in Australia.British Journal of Nutrition,114(3), 448-454.

Change and Continuity in China free essay sample

From a monarch to total communism, China’s society had a multitude of new ideas and policies they had to adapt to. From 618 to the late 1400s, China’s art and literature hardly changed at all. Landscape painting remained a common form of art from the Tang and Song dynasty to the Ming dynasty. In landscape painting, artists tried to capture the essence of nature. Both old and new styles were used as mountains, forests, and even city life, were painted. Some Chinese painters believed that they should â€Å"create a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth† when they are painting. Landscape painting was revived during the Ming dynasty, but it always played a role – big of small – in Chinese art. Along with landscape painting, making pottery was another skill that the Chinese had. Porcelain, hard pottery prized as the finest in the world, was a popular form of art that people continued making for numerous years. A variety of glazes were created for decoration and several other objects considered as â€Å"chinaware† were developed during the Tang and Song dynasties. These included tea services and porcelain figures ranging from foreigners to camels. Years later, in the Ming dynasty, porcelain was still being made. Blue and white porcelain emerged, and porcelain became a popular export to the west. The Ming vases were the most valuable of these exports, and westerners admired these delicate, beautiful pieces. Lastly, the Chinese also enjoyed writing poetry. Works based on philosophy, religion, and even history, were extremely popular to read and write. Confucian scholars were expected to master the skills of poetry since it was the most respected form of Chinese literature. Chinese writers often focused on a broad topic such as life or the universe. Poetry never faded throughout these years, and new forms of popular literature began to emerge in the Ming dynasty. Stories began to be told by specific pieces of literature, and classical poetry continued to play a part in Chinese literature for many years. While China culturally remained the same from the 600s to the late 1400s, the country hardly changed politically either. A monarchy completely dominated China’s government during these years. Under the Tang dynasty, the rulers constantly changed and new policies were thought of, but the overall government did not change. The Tang Code, the criminal or penal code, was established in 624. It synthesised Legalist and Confucian of law, and it has constantly been considered one of the greatest achievemnts of traditional Chinese law. This code became the basis of later codes in both China and other parts of Asia. During the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhanged began the draft of a new Confucian law code, the Daming Lu, which repeated various clauses that were found in the Tang Code years ago. Specific aspects in the Tang dynasty were revived during the Ming dynasty, resulting in a very slight amount of change for the lives of Chinese citizens for almost 800 years. Women’s status remained lower than that of men’s. After a young woman married, they would become a part of her husband’s family and was not allowed to keep her dowry. However, wives and mothers-in-law had the job of managing the servants and family finances. They played an important role in the family, although boys were always preferred more than girls at birth. Other than women, Chinese peasants kept the same status throughout the years. A multitude of the Chinese population were made up of peasants who worked the land and lived off of what they poduced. They managed their own affairs in their small villages. Peasants had a low status in society, but they had the oppurtunity to move up through education and government service. Their status would increase of they received education and passed the civil service examinations. After being a monarchy for several years, China’s new policies and new leaders changed China politically from the late 1800s to the 1900s. In the 1800s, the Qing dynasty began to decline, and the peasants began o gain power. Rebellions emerged. The Taiping Rebellion almost toppled the Qing dynasty while the Boxer Uprising eliminated foreigners across China. The monarchy-like government became a Chinese republic after Sun Yixian became president. Sun Yixian and his Guomindang established their own government in South China, which was taken over by Jiang Jieshi after Sun’s death. He slaughtered the Communist Party because he believed they were a threat to his power. However, Mao Zedong thought that Communism should be supported by large peasant groups instead of the smaller peasant groups. He sought to change from the original Confucians ideals, suppressing peasants. Contrasting from the original monarchy years ago, Mao Zedong set up a one-party totalitarian autocracy with the communists leading the entire thing, replacing traditional religions and Confucian beliefs. The government also simplified Chinese characters so it would be easier to read and write for illiterate people. With a new government comes a new constitution. Under China’s new constitution, woman gained equality, which they did not have in the 1800s. Instead of an extended family being the most common type of family, the idea of a nuclear gamily emerged. Women during this time period were all expected to work alongside with men and set up nurseries for children. From the early Golden Ages to the late 1900s, a variety of cultural and political continuity and changes occurred in China. The country remained the same, both culturally and politically, from the 600s to the 1800s. The series of cultural and political transformations shaped the lives of many Chinese citizens. Art and literature continued to be a significant aspect of Chinese lifestyle, and a monarchy was the active government until Mao Zedong took over. In the late 1800s, China experienced a great amount of political change, a monarch to communism, when a new leader completely transformed the original policies.