Free Essays: Faith and the Other Works of Emily Dickinson :: Biography Biographies Essays

Faith and the Other Works of Emily Dickinson   Many of Emily Dickinsons poems are short. Similar to Faith, they are full of delightful surprises and theory provoking twists. Faith is more provocative than usual. The quarrel are plain. Literally, it says that the gentlemen only believe what he can see for those are hard to see by the naked eye, they rely on science which is symbolized by Microscopes.   Faith is a fine invention when Gentlemen can see -- But Microscopes are prudent In an Emergency. -- by Emily Dickinson   As in all poems, the true meaning is always deeper than the meaning of the words. I try to grasp the poets intention by study the images conjured by the words. Every time I read this poem, I see a picture of a girl in her cheerful spokesperson reading the words. The voice reminds me of her own words -- The old -- old sophistries of June. I carefully listen to every word and wrestle with every sound, but they all puzzle me. Is the religion an inventi on of man? Someone must have invented the word faith and associated a meaning to it. The Webster dictionary defines faith as a firm tenet in something for which there is no proof. Did man invent the belief? Did he invent the objects of his belief? ... I have many questions, where to look for answers? Following Dr. Johnsons suggestion, I seek hints from other poems by Emily Dickinson. She lived in a phantasmal family according to her own letter to Thomas Higginson, the editor of her work, but she is not a religious person. In one poem, she wrote Some keep the Sabbath going to Church - I keep it, staying at Home - With a Bobolink for a Chorister - And a Orchard, for a Dome.   In this poem, she compares nature with church. The bobolink and the orchard are her deities. Considering this information, I image there is a little bit of smirk in the girls voice. Maybe she is express emotion at her church-goer parents as many teenagers do. When I was that age, I used to think that going to church is mere formality and took notice of all the inconsistencies between my parents words and their actions. Each time when I see an inconsistency, I say to myself Talking about faith, the only thing they believe is what is in front of their eye.

Wakefield Essay -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

What Was He Thinking?What would you think of a man who left wing his family, moved over to the next street to watch their lives unfold, and then returned after twenty years as if nothing had happened? What could drive a man to such(prenominal) bizarre behavior? These are the issues that Nathaniel Hawthorne deals with in the twaddle of Mr. Wakefield. The very idea that a man could possibly do such a thing makes the listening want to understand his intentions. It is hard for a modern audience to make sense of such a story because television shows and movies have made nows society concentre so much on easily apparent themes or morals. Hawthorne used this story to examine societys motivations. In his short story Wakefield, it is necessary that Hawthorne uses the narrator as a tool to shed light on Mr. Wakefields motives as well as to punctuate the storys theme, that an individual can only appreciate and understand his life by looking in on it from the stunnedside.In Hawthornes W akefield the narrators thoughts and comments bring insight into the motivations of the character of the story. The story includes a long introduction in which the narrator, Hawthorne, describes how he heard the curious story of Mr. Wakefield. Hawthorne supplies his audience with a condensed version of the entire plot of the story. With this introduction, Hawthorne has already informed the audience of the storys intriguing plot and this intensifies the audiences desire to find out Mr. Wakefields motivations because they cannot comprehend why he would do such a thing. The audience give try to make sense of Mr. Wakefields actions, but they will not find a logical explanation. The story may seem unreal but the reader must take the story as it is and focus on the charact... ..., would argue that Hawthorne was showing his modernism by writing about the strange habits of human nature. Others, such as Morsberger would argue that the story of Wakefield simply mirrors galore(postnominal) o f Hawthornes other works. I do not disagree with either viewpoint, but I feel that Hawthorne simply wanted to create an intriguing story that dealt with peoples motivations. I would argue that he wrote this story to examine a side of human nature that is often forgotten or advisedly left out of a large portion of literature. Hawthorne is able to place the reader within the mind of Mr. Wakefield through his unique approach to story-telling. The result is a fascinating look into the mind of a very interesting character. Hawthorne has done such a wonderful job of luring in the reader that it takes only a few minutes to read Wakefield, but you will never forget it.

The Fedarlist Papers - Ed Millican :: essays research papers

Within the pages of One United People The Federalist Papers and the National Idea, author Ed Millican dissects not only The Federalist prepare by piece, but scrutinizes numerous works of other authors in regards to the papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. As a result, a strong conclusion asserts that the motives of The Federalist was to create a sturdy nation-state but above all, that the Statesn polity is far more complex than pluralism and a free-market economy.The very goal statement in the book reads, The Federalist, the blueprint of the American nation. This statement alone can summarize the opinion of author Ed Millican as well as many others, but many pages before that is written, the author goes on to examine and explain the many ideas surrounding Publius, including the numerous interpretations of The Federalist, as well as the political objectives of the work as well. However, instead of merely stating the facts and then contributing his opin ion, Millican breaks each part of Publius, including the founding fathers who created the pen name, their individual contributions, as well as what barely a nation-state is. With the help of a significant amount of evidence, Milican continues to assert that Publius was entirely a nationalist and believed heavily in the Lockean ideals that people want to be a unified nation. The very first chapter comes on strong by giving examples of the many interpretations of Publius. Millican then either counters these arguments or accommodates them to his own conclusions. Afterwards, Publius mission in pre-Constitutional America is discussed, as well as the idea that The Federalist indeed had Nationalistic tendencies. The next section of the book contributes to perhaps the most appealing aspect of the whole book. Because the concept of the nation-state was brought up in the previous chapter, Millican elaborates on exactly what a nation-state is, as well as historical examples of the evolution of central regimes, but moreover the check out of the United States at the time The Federalist was in print. This provided an excellent introduction into what becomes the lions share of the book, which was Hamilton, Madison, and Jays contribution and actions in their respective volumes of The Federalist. This is unique because nigh every attempt at the motives of these works have only taken pieces of The Federalist and used, at most, a handful of essays of the 85 that collectively make up the collection.

Historical Context of The Jewel in the Crown Essay -- Jewel in the Cro

Historical Context of The Jewel in the bill   The diachronic context of Paul Scotts novel - The Jewel in the upside - serves to explain and interpret a tragic love story between two characters Daphne address and Hari Kumar. The love story serves to clarify and interpret the social/racial and historical significance of the time period in which it is set - 1942.  Their love - a growth as well as a victim of the time and events - is an allegory for the relationship between England and India - the White man and the Black man.  The Jewel in the Crown demonstrates that the elements of life and love are colorless and timeless and that arrogance and hate are universal.   Through a historically accurate setting using ideational characters we are shown the fictionalized city of Mayapore, India during the British Raj and told the story of a rape, of the events that led up to it and followed it and of the place in which it happened (Scott 3).  The story is relayed to us, in the most part, through an unnamed storyteller that began his quest for answers, concerning the Daphne Manners case, in 1964.  He compiles testimonies and documents that reveal the events to us from a variety of realistic perspectives.  The information is not given in chronological companionship but as a person who reminiscences would convey a story.   The author effectively uses the characters, time-period and historical events to support the underlying theme of injustice, tragedy and the indomitable gentle spirit.               Daphne and Hari would never have met and fallen in love in any other place during any other time period.  1942, in India, was thei... ...irs indicate she was sensitive of the potential consequences of her love for Hari, her rejection of Ronald Merrick and even of her death as a result of giving birth to the baby.   The story ends tragically for Daphne and Hari just as the stor y ends tragically for the England of old and the India of old - but out of their union a new story begins.  Although the offspring of the encounter will not unlearn quickly the evils taught for all those generations before, there is now a hope, the promise of a story continuing instead of finishing...established for the sake of the future rather than of the past (Scott 461).  The Jewel in the Crown is part historical novel, part mystery, part love story, part allegory (drjohnholleman 6/9/01) - and in all its parts, it will continue to reveal the darkness, in each of us, that has no connection to skin color.

Tim Obriens On the Rainy River Essay -- Tim Obrien On the Rainy Riv

Tim Obriens On the Rainy RiverTim Obriens On the Rainy River is a true story told by a 41 year old of his life at the age of 21. The fact that Obrien is writing this 20 years later adds a new aspect to the story. He describes himself as a young man with the ground in his back pocket. Obrien has just graduated from Macalester College and has a free ride to Harvard. Unfortunately, his storybook world collapses when he receives a draft notice for the Vietnam war, a war that he has taken a modest stand against(44) in 1968. Upon receiving his draft notice, Obrien was thrown into a world of what he calls moral confusion(44). As a 21 year-old, he follows every rule put forth in front of him, even though he says he couldnt tolerate authority(45). If Obrien didnt follow authority, though, he never would have been successful. This is one of the shake ups of his moral confusion. OBrien has never had to make moral testing decisions in his life, like whether to face his family or to run to Canada. Another cause for his moral confusion was his stand on the war. He thought it was wrong for numerous reasons, such as not knowing why they were fighting. OBrien would have fain fought in a war that he believed in but the draft board didnt let him choose his war. All of these pressures came down to whether he would be the conforming of the past or believe in what he thought was right.All of the pressures built up and something inside of him cr...

Tim Obriens On the Rainy River Essay -- Tim Obrien On the Rainy Riv

Tim Obriens On the Rainy RiverTim Obriens On the Rainy River is a true story told by a 41 year old of his life at the age of 21. The fact that Obrien is writing this 20 years later adds a new aspect to the story. He describes himself as a young man with the earthly concern in his back pocket. Obrien has just graduated from Macalester College and has a free ride to Harvard. Unfortunately, his storybook world collapses when he receives a draft notice for the Vietnam war, a war that he has taken a modest stand against(44) in 1968. Upon receiving his draft notice, Obrien was thrown into a world of what he calls moral confusion(44). As a 21 year-old, he follows every rule put forth in front of him, even though he says he couldnt tolerate authority(45). If Obrien didnt follow authority, though, he never would have been successful. This is one of the names of his moral confusion. OBrien has never had to make moral testing decisions in his life, like whether to face his family o r to run to Canada. Another cause for his moral confusion was his stand on the war. He thought it was wrong for numerous reasons, such as not knowing why they were fighting. OBrien would have fain fought in a war that he believed in but the draft board didnt let him choose his war. All of these pressures came down to whether he would be the conforming of the past or believe in what he thought was right.All of the pressures built up and something inside of him cr...

Porter Diamond Automotive Market China

Automotive market in CHINA chinas domestic simple machine sales, growing at more than 10% annu anyy, these growing sales were in the domestic market and did not improve Chinas war-riddenness in the global political machine industry. The rise of China as a Automotive car producer has lead to better roads, new distribution channels, the deregulation of the elevator car market, and Chinas WTO entry. The multinational railroad carmotive companies invest in China for several reasons they try to find depresseder production costs, increase their market assign in that specific areas while increasing their efficiency while operating and producing.In the early stages of Chinas economic development, many foreign firms invested in China for cheap material and labor costs, as well as piteous worker unionization rate and environmental standards. Thus, most(prenominal) of Chinas exports let out of miscellaneous manufacturing and labor-intensive industries. The central government has incr eased investment in basic infrastructure development in order to remove the blockade effect caused by low infrastructure conditions and to increase energy productivity, transportation quality and communication ability.Although Chinas auto firms have few competitive advantages comparing to leading global companies in terms of technological and managerial skills, China is still the largest potential demand market in the world. predicted that Chinas average income will increase at an annual rate of 6% by 2011. Currently, for every 100 families in Beijing, 12 own private vehicles. speckle this number is insignificant compared with developed nations. Currently the countrys per capita GDP is low by international standards, and the majority of Chinese families are preoccupied with issues much(prenominal) as housing, medical care, and education.Many auto firms is the asymmetric distribution of Chinas population and income. Competition in major cities has been accelerated in almost all ma rket segments. During that period, in China, the supply chain underwent a major transformation. Multinational part providers began to work closely with local suppliers, in response to growing hale from global auto assemblers. Meanwhile, Chinese domestic carmakers tried to improve their research capacity and economy of scale by standardizing local supply network. The first and most obvious strength is low production costs.Secondly, available production facilities build a solid infrastructure for parts manufacture and technological upgrading. Major auto assemblers invested heavily in the emerging markets, increasing production capacity and modernizing existing plants. They are attracted not only by the sales growth prospects offered by low motorization rates in developing nations, but also by the potential cost reduction that may be obtained through integrating low cost manufacturing locations and spreading the vehicle development costs across a greater number of markets.In China, th e government promotes the development of large business groups in the auto sector so as to concentrate foreign investment and help build up competitive Chinese automakers. Finally a shared supplier network can help improve the suppliers economy of scale while promoting global quality standards and reducing the cost of vehicle manufacturing.

Safety in China

In every activity we undertake, sentry go should prevail. Safety is very important for fountainhead living in terms of health and finances. This is beca custom any(prenominal) individual who seeks safety by protecting him or herself lives free from harms, diseases and infections, thus spending little if any on treatments. This cauterizes saving of finances which could otherwise be spent on medication, and these funds can be used later to make other developments, or purchase other necessary goods and services. This shows the role of safety in life. Harms and damages may be caused by put up, traffic, occupational activities, as easy as disasters whether raw(a) or man made.In every last(predicate) these cases, we need to know the possible impact of the safety against these harms and based of individuals animals, businesses, premises as well as the ideal society. china is geographic altogethery located on the Eastern side of Asia between Vietnam and North Korea. The surface ara has diverse climate, characterized by subarctic in north and equatorial in south. The country is exposed to divers(a) infixed hazards such as floods which damage many a(prenominal) things, earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons and drought among others. The country is rich in terms of born(p) resources as it throws hydropower potential, petroleum, natural gas and aluminum among many others. china is the forth largest country in the world, and part of the country hosts the tallest mountains peak in the world. According to the 2007 estimation, the country has a population of 1,321,851,888, a population growth of 0. 6%, with birth r atomic number 18 of 13. 5 births per a thousand populations, and a end run of cardinal deaths per a thousand populations. The infant mortality rate is twenty two per a thousand live births and life expectancy of seventy three geezerhood at birth. China has 9. 326,410 sq Km of land and 270,550 sq of water with the coastline covering about 14,500 KM. Ge ographically China lies on 3500 N and 105 00 E.The Chinese ease up an just degree of risk to major infectious diseases such as food and waterborne disease, vector borne diseases, water and animal diseases and very rarely avian influenza. (CIA 2008). An clean of 91% of Chinese total population is literate, with the individuals aged fifteen and above able to read and write. Every Chinese individual is entitled to getting mandate education. The country has 961,000 schools with 1,080 colleges and universities. Majority of these colleges and universities have a bun in the oven online websites. Generally the China education system covers the preschool to college and universities levels, (Premier 2007).The China has a market oriented economy with many private sectors growing which has played a major role in the global economy. The GDP as per the 2007 estimate is 87. 043 trillion, 885,300 of PPP. The labor force is 803. 3 million as per the 2007 estimate. The unemployment rate is ab out 4% with 8% of the Chinese population living below poverty line. The household in become rate ranges from 1. 6% to 35% (Harper 2005). According to the 2007 estimation of China budget, the expenditures out weighs the revenues, and has a 19% of GDP as usual debt.The communication in China is composed of telephones which use main line and busy cellular. The mobile cellular move used, compared to main line, according to 2006 estimate. There is also television and radio broadcast stations (Peterson 2002). respective(a) modes of transport are used in China. Among these accept airports, where there are those with paved runways and unpaved runways, the heliports, pipelines for gases and refined products, railways, waterways and roadways which are the commonly used transports among all Fire can be caused by several(a) factors.Many lives and goods are lost as a result of elevate disaster. It is very important to create safety against fire to minimize the risks related to fire. In Ch ina most of fire fighting agencies are the countrys army part and citizens undergoes the develop which is divided into subcategories. These subcategories include drills, construction concerns, and simulations. The trainees can be trained by a 26-minute training DVD which are made in away to help the fire submarines to efficaciously and compassionately reverse with disable individuals. The fire fighters Agencies in China include the public Agency.For any citizen to become fire fighter, there are several characters he or she need to have. This is simply because the job involves helping people who are in great need of the help, while risking your own health and life. Fire fighters have a unique character. When all other people are moving away from fire incident, the fire fighters tend to move closer to the fire, to put it off. This means that for any citizen to become an effective fire fighter, he or she need to be courageous and ready to save other people lives and ready to risk his or her life.The fire fighter are non only involved with putting out fires and saving other peoples lives, but they also constantly care about the peoples health making the society a better place to live. This brings the need for any citizen who intends to become a firer fighter to be devoted and not selfish. Citizen willing to become a fire fighter is pass judgment to take psychological and physical examination, and to undergo a background and criminal check. The individual are expected to be self motivated without attitude. The citizen is expected to have empathy on others and have the ability to support people in all situations.A citizen with these abilities and who passes the exams are considered to be able to fight fire. In China, the fire fighters get their training involving in various activities and handling various equipments. They engage in responding to emergency calls, duties that require retention watch, driveway fire trucks and operating the fire trucks. The f ire fighter learns manual and mechanical ope symmetryn of the fire truck ladders. These practices needs to be handled in various locations, including inside buildings where they are expected to learn the amount of ventilation in building and how to increase without deteriorating the scene.They learn skills on how to enter into buildings on fire utilize the safest entrance. This shows that the training is not restricted to a particular proposition area or location of training, but quite a in various places depending on the skills being learnt to enhance proper practice. Safety against fire can be gained by using building enrol and fire codes. Although all building materials can be damage by fire though at different heat degrees, the spread of the fire can be minimized by using building codes. (Thygerson 2008). clip of building codes enhances good public health, general welfare and safety.The building codes are used by engineers, architect and other manufacturers of products use d in building, as well as insurance manager and tenants. Due to the distinct climatic zones in China, building codes are used. These codes are developed by code compilation committees which have high industrial involvement, and they are reviewed by the public, approved then the ministry of construction adopts them. These China building energy codes saves 35-50% energy in a 10% slight cost increased as compared to other buildings.DEO II and other simulation software at LBNL, enhances software transfer and codes drafting where implementation activities are reviewed. Various zones have been covered in China, and the heating zone of North was covered by the code first, the residential code followed in cold winter and importunate summer regions. The cooling of the warm winter and hot summer consumed a lot of energy, without heating. The commercial and government building are yet to get public building codes as they are in the process of being developed. (IEA 2006).The building codes in China played roles in heating the houses in colds winters and cooling the houses in warm and hot summers. Initially the fire codes were not translated into Chinese, until 2004 after the signing of agreement between National Technical committee for fire protection, Fire part commute, the China public security ministry and the National fire protection Association. They agreed to translate the 26 NFPA code. The translation was to be followed with training where individual would get the noesis on how to apply the codes.This was look ated at enhancing life safety for the Chinese, and visitors who were to join the country for Olympics. Among these codes is the NFPA 1 uniform fire code, which was edited in 2003, NFPA 13E, NFPA 72, National alarm code which was edited in 2002, NFPA 101, life safety code which was edited in 2000, NFPA 230, standard for the fire protection of storage which was edited in 2003, NFPA 921, guide for fire and explosion investigation which was edited in 2004 am ong others in China, a GB316-87, is the current national standard Building design code which was edited in 2001 with the aim to control building fires. Kelly 2000). The National technical committee and China public security ministry are responsible for fire prevention in China. The PRC has come up with law which enhances fire prevention by ensuring that all residential buildings have a clear emergency exit. Generally the Chinese people heart the need for safety. This is evidenced after the several fire disasters which have occurred in the country. Despite the need for this safety, many builders and new-home buyers tend to assume the need.This is because, by use of these fire stops and better fire resistance rating materials the costs of construction and subsequent cost of buying the built house increases. In 1999, a weighty fire disaster occurred in a village of Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A high number of people were involved, and the following year, others died, while othe rs remained hospitalized. well-nigh fourteen patients were referred to UK and USA for further medication. Rapid motorization has caused bleak challenge to driving safety in China.Research has showed that most of the Chinese drivers usually have unsafe driving behaviors, recommending improved training methods and enforcement of good driving behaviors by the police. The Chinese drivers consider use of driving skills and capabilities rather than realistic safe driving guidelines. The Chinese drivers rarely use running light in snowy weather, few of the drivers dont use safety belts and very few of them use turn signals as well as headlights. The automobiles in China were developed in 1986, and the output rapidly. These automobiles are high-class consumer durable containing low household will power in China.In 2005, China started producing sedans. The death rate of Chinese in relation to motor vehicle is high, but not as the rate in United States. Chinese have more of the combat inj ury death associated with drowning, suicide, conflicting the United States whose motor vehicle clashes rate is more compared to suicide and drowning. In China its easy to get driving permission especially for individuals from other states, an individual is required to present a passport copy, a copy of driving authorise from their state, four red-color photos and 1,880 Hong Kong dollars.The applicant then sits for traffic rule examination and road tests follows, the applicant drives the vehicle for very few minutes as a practical examination, and after two weeks, drivers license is ready. This means to get drivers license in China is easy because one can even refers the set to the questions from the book. According to the Chinese culture, alcohol drinking is an important cultural aspect, believed to enhance, colleagues and leaders relationship, and to promote happy life when in festivals with friends, relatives and family members.In China, there is no stripped alcohol taking ag e, Alcohol-related injuries account for a third of total injuries in China, and the Chinese government made a traffic safety law in 2004. In China, there has been set penalty for drivers who drink while driving, and a different one for drivers who are found drunk when driving. For the drinking drivers, the driving license can be suspended for an average of two month, and a fine of an average of 50 US dollars. For the drunk drivers suspension of driving license takes an average of five month and the driver can end up into custody, and/or about 230 US dollars fine.WHO considers the Chinese most collisions to have resulted from violation of traffic rules, reason that the poor road conditions, lack of necessary measures and ineffective prevention measures also contribute to the deaths, where farmers and businessmen are the major victims. According to Chinese automobile fatalities are preventable, but this contradicts with the cultural practices because what can be used to prevent the f atalities, the Chinese culture has great value for them. A good example for this is drinking.There has been no major motor vehicle accident in China, but minor cases have been reported throughout China, causing few severe and minor injuries to the victims. The transnational Labor Organization, State Administration of Work Safety as well as China International Forum of work safety are somewhat of the organizations in China, which have been working to promote safety of workers at their work places. One of the most dangerous work places in China is the coalmines. Education and training of safety inspectors are the major keys which can underpin safety culture.The coal mining industry training in China is offered in four institutional types. The level A and level B institutions are involved with training the mine managers and safety controllers, level C institutions trains special occupational workers with special skills unlike those given to manager and controllers. The level D instit ution trains mine workers at the mining sites. (OS and HC 2001). The occupational safety inspectors require the training on how to maintain safety while working, and the need for the safety.An underground gas- triggered earthquake in Northeast China killed at least two hundred and two people. The president leaders and local anaesthetic officials made efforts to rescue the victims and put strict measures that would prevent similar and other disasters at mining site, and compensated the victims families. The Chinese work unverbalised and with diligence. They believe that hard work has a lot for them in terms of benefits, incomes and generally good living standards. All Chinese keep this as their drive force, whereby all individuals work hard to earn living.Migrant workers put extra efforts when working in China, and the wages they get in return are very low. Not all Chinese are hard work, but since no country has a universal cultural trait, the general description of Chinese is that they are hard working. They are status-obsessed, greedy and envious of their social betterment. These traits are the driving force of Chinese to hard working. The riches of the Chinese are not achieved from the parents financial background, but rather from the efforts of their hard work.Various trade unions have been formed in China. These unions are aimed at protecting the legitimate rights and interests or workers. Among these unions is the All China Federation of tidy sum Unions which collectively bargains for the workers in the management. The union represents the workers interest in wage negotiations, while enhancing job security. Occupational illnesses and injuries cost China a lot. Most of these illnesses are caused by inhaling of dusts at mining sites and include, chronic lung diseases, pneumoconiosis.According to legal daily, the GAWS, said that about seven hundred million of Chinese suffer occupational illnesses, and there is a high possibility of the number to increase. (Chow 2003). There are other illnesses and injuries related to the Chinese occupation, but the ones that result from mining are the majority and have severe effects to individual and businesses. Although some businesses gives sick leaves, not all of them give a considerable duration of the leave for fire fighters in China, some fire houses gives a day to two medical leave for fighters but its given to workers with severe injuries.Minor injuries like sprains, injuries and cuts are not considered. The city argued that workers who seek on-duty injury leaves should be penalized because the union fosters the decision to seek the sick leaves. The ILO urges China to create more and better jobs to meet the economy surges, of filling jobs. This is because Chinas economy is booming but the labor is scarce. The ILO reported that there is a decrease in creation of jobs in China, compared to the GDP growth. There has been a high ratio of unemployed Chinese in relation to the entire Chinese popu lation.ILO reported that the shedding of jobs at poorly performing states owned business has caused loss of many jobs, and the shifting from long-term structural shift to employment-intensive growth as the country modernizes have resulted to mediocre rate in creation of job. ILO urges China to participate in education and training system to avail skilled technicians and workers. The trained personnel and thought to ensure long term transition plans are effective which would produce greater valued goods and services.In China occupational accidents are so frequent especially at mine sites and despite it all, Chinese continue to work at the mines. Despite the deaths which result from these accidents, the Chinese continue to work to earn for their living. The International Strategy for disaster reduction and UN/ISDR have been participating in preventing and minimizing risks associated with natural and manmade disasters in China. In July 1931, a severe flood occurred in China, which led to 3,700,000 deaths. The disaster was as a result of flooding of yellow river in China.In 1920, Gansu earthquake occurred in China killing 200,000 people. (Brown 2002). The WHO report, indicates that China is one of the major tobacco plant consuming countries, with subsequent death, and to limit this, the WHO report emphasized on preventing the tobacco consumption by giving anti-smoking messages to the public. In another WHO report, China was among the countries which were found to be operating in a level accepted by WHO in terms of compliance with its principles of good manufacturing practices.The tobacco consumption in China, as well as other lung infections related to mining dust is some of the specific threats faced by the Chinese. . According to WHO report, Chinese population is under the risk of chronic diseases, children malnutrition, under nutrition and overweight, anemia resulting from under nutrition and poor sanitation. These risks if not sorted out can have great negati ve impact to the entire Chinese population. Other diseases which increase the Chinese mortality rate include HIV /AIDS, malaria infection, and tuberculosis among others.Deaths, injuries and damage of premises are some of the major threats faced by the Chinese as a result of various disasters. These disasters need individuals, organizations as well as the entire population in the Chinese society, whether directly or indirectly The WHO recommends support from governmental, and non governmental organization to enhance health workforce and financial support, which are thought to ensure effective treatment of infected and coined people in China. China is one of the countries mostly affected by disasters due to its geographical and physical feature.The disasters are also enhanced by involvement of people in various activities thus the manmade disasters. These disasters greatly affect the social and scotch development of the Chinese. Various disasters have been reported to have occurre d in China, including floods, earthquakes, firers, drought, seismic and ecological disasters among others. (Thygerson 1977). However, no history report has indicated volcano bam or possibility of eruption. Threats posed by disasters are related to property, life and individuals safety as well as the countrys safety in terms of economy and society.These Chinas social stability and national security are inhibited by the disasters and due to fear of investors, China economic development comes to halt, which promotes poverty in the country. The disasters made by man in China include the virus, biological warfare, chemical warfare and the development of nuclear weapons by man. (Abramowitz 2002). Both natural and man made disasters have similar threat to the Chinese population. A lot of injuries and deaths have resulted in China from disasters whether, natural or manmade. In China, flooding is a major killer of lives in China.Below is a table showing the top ten natural disasters in Chin a, including the resulting death and injury toll. The Chinese blame Japanese, claiming that they cause most of the experienced disasters. They relate manmade disasters to the Japanese action. They regard civil war as a process in which a nation moves despite the war effects. Despite the many likes lost as a result of these disasters the Chinese population takes heart and continues with their work activities. This is common in mining sites, because the disasters are frequently reported but Chinese continue working at the mine site to earn for their living. (Heming and Philpee 2001).

Proposing a solution for global warming

INTRODUCTION.The occurrence of change magnitude average temperature in the earths surface air and water bodies in the recent decades and its projected continuation constitutes global warm up.These increments in temperatures argon collect to higher amounts of green gas c at one timentrations, which warm the surface and lower air travel thereby increasing the green suffer effectsOn the other hand, natural phenomena much(prenominal) as volcanoes and solar variation allow also impacted on global warming(1).Increased global temperatures results into other changes such as sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns that result in floods, droughts and glacier re cut across. These adverse effects of global warming consider sparked off serious debate especially after Inter judicatureal Panel on Climatic change (IPCC) projected climatic models that global surface temperatures are likely to increase to 6.40C (2.0 TO 110F) between 1990 and 2100.(2)The debate focuses on world scale regarding, what, if any, action should be taken to adapt to anticipate consequences or reduce next warming.There is however a general agreement that affirmative action should be taken to avert further crisis.(3) To this effect, roughly governments have signed and canonical the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing the green gas electric arcs, which cause global warming.The major challenge to this process is that industrialized nations who are the major contributors of green kinsperson gases such as America are reluctant to make this worthy commitment(4).The main aim of Kyoto protocol is to reduce Anthropogenic Climatic Change(Human generate changes).It is believed that implementation of the Kyoto protocol will plummet these climatic changes. However, thermal inertia of the earths ocean and slow responses of other indirect effects would excuse cause further warming but at drastically reduced levels that are not very harmful (at 0.90f) as indicated by climatic changes studies.(5) The scientific consensus indicates levels of green house gases due to human activity.In 1824, Joseph Fourier discovered the green gas effect, and Svante Arrhenius investigated it quantitatively in 1896.Green house effect is the process by which absorption and emission by infrared radiation by atmospheric gases warms a planets atmosphere and its surface(6). The green house gases include natural ones such as water vapor, carbondioxide, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon and methane have increased by 31% and 149% above pre-industrial revolution times since 1970.This occurrence has been attributed to fogey fuel anxious and other anthropogenic causes such as deforestation.(7)Further, carbon dioxide levels are expected to increase due to ongoing fossil fuel burning processes around the globe. And democracy use change. This will depend on uncertain economic, technological and natural developments.(8)IPCC projected increase of methane from melting perm afrost peat bogs in Siberia may lead to significant spare sources of green gas emissions.(9)Thus, the effect of global warming including sea level rise, extreme weather events, stream flows, and change in rainfall patterns, increased deaths, displacements and increased economic losses projected due to extreme weather may even be exacerbated by increased population densities.(10) There is also expected reduction of ozone layer, intensity and frequency of hurricanes and worse, spread of diseases such as malaria and other epidemiological related ailments.A typical example is the current heavy rains experienced in Britain, which scientists have attributed to be, and effect of global warming.(11) The scientists, lead by Peter Stott at Hadley center, have used computer models in finding evidence to predict the melt d avow of global warming which all show heavy rainfall as it is documented in the local daily, The Independent. The effects of these rains have been disastrous with many Brit ons fleeing their homes.(12)Britain is soon making headlines in the world media only because of the destructive results its citizens are experiencing from the heavy rains. The new Prime Minister called a crisis meeting with the top leadership of his government in response to this crisis.(13)The rains have left many Britons desperate and in dire need of humanitarian assistance. Droughts attributed to global warming currents witnessed in several split of the world such as Sub-Saharan Africa has left their citizens in famine and utter penury,(14) malnourished only to depend on aid. Surely the world cannot pass over like this, it is only prudent, affirmative action is taken to avert this situationTHE SOLUTIONS.Just as it is called Global warming, it needs global solution, which calls for nothing other than global input. Participation of the self-colored globe is necessary without exclusion of any particular state or individual.Efficiency in the use of brawniness (Use of renewable e nergy) is a major grade to reduce global warming to reduce dependenc4 on oil and other fossil fuels that cause global warming. Currently, over 70% of USA electricity comes from fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil in contrast to only 2% from renewable energy sources(15). We should therefore focus on sources such as wind, solar, georthermal and bioenergy to generate our electricity instead of fossil fuel sources that increase global warming emissions.It is indeed true that these measures need radical step. Fortunately, we have the solutions, and the energy to implement them(16). What we lack is the will. The steps we make will in most cases save consumers money. Radical measures include total overhaul of our practices, where instead of Deforestration, we should nominate trees in bare lands. Deforestation accounts for 20% of global warming. We should therefore protect threatened forests(17).Most scientists believe postponing these measures would require much more input onc e severe consequences occur than if we had implemented them today.Pollution of the atmosphere needs to stop forthwill, it will become an irreversible damage and we had emend stopped the practice. Carboon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years.(18) Pollution practice would require more duration to reverse its effects on global warming, we better prevent this. Waste damping especially in water bodies such as rivers needs to be addressed to avoid decomposition and subsequent release of carbon dioxide that would increase the green house effect in the atmosphere.(19)We must also strive to reduce the production of Chlorofluorocarbons that are powerful green house gases and ozone depleters .(20) For such a radical course, principle control from the central government in different democracies and even globally is apparent. However, individual citizens must institute in themselves the required environmental standards to make it their own initiative to act on this end. For in stance it would be wiser to use a push mower to cut your lawn instead of a power mower(21). Or have a low water-use machine. It is also wise to reduce the water heater thermostat heating degree. Buying energy efficient compact fluorescent bulbs for most used lights in the house is also important.A solar water heater system instead of electric or other fuel use is wiser move. In addition, an individual should drive a fuel-efficient car or a new hybrid gasoline electric vehicle. Insulating homes, installing energy efficient showerheads and even tune up up of the furnace are some of the basic steps individuals should implement to reduce global warming(22). Wise and committed person (not necessarily an environmentalist) should also contact his or her utility company for a home energy audit check for poor insulations or energy-inefficient places in the home.Other credible moves to reduce global warming by individuals include wrapping up the heater in an insulating jacket. Workers should also consider leaving their cars at home for some days and then walking to plow or alternatively using public means of transport. Recycling of wastes newsprint, cardboard, glass and metals are also better alternatives to using non-renewable that emit green gases after use.(23) battalion should also consider buying food and other products with less packaging or reusable packaging instead of those in non-recyclable packaging.I believe most measures outlined above are but mere common sence, very achievable if we introduce discipline amongst ourselves.(24) Drastic reduction of global warming will have much more benefits that would outweigh possible risks involved in its implementation. We as humans must entitle ourselves to tackle the anthropogenic causes of global warming to treat the world we live in(25).The worlds leading scientific authority on global warming documents that the warming of the last 50 years has been due to anthropogenic (human caused) green house gases. The panel , after monitoring current trend of human approach to the envoiroment, further says the rise could be by 50C this century.(26) This would represent double the entire warming after the last ice age 12000 years ago and it would take place in 100 years. ShockingMore check to human destructive trends on the atmosphere were detailed in the recent statement by the American Geophysical Union that there is no cognise geological precedent for the transfer of Carbon from the Earth crust to the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Inequalities comparable to the burning of fossil fuels, without simultaneous changes in other move of the carbon cycle and climate system( 27).We must therefore strive to achieve our aim through all means including institutionalization of global warming reduction programs such as developing systems to clean our electric power plants, currently using coal to produce electricity. This should be converted into plants that burn cleaner natural gas.(27) In addition, harnessing clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is a viable measure to solving the global warming problem.We have what it takes to make the globe a better place to live in.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe havoc global warming has caused the earth is perhaps the greatest. From its effects such as floods, droughts we have seen, read and understood the implications of destroying our atmosphere.(28) Millions of lives have been illogical through its related effects.Implementation of the possible solutions outlined in this essay, provides the framework for improving our livelihood in the globe.For this worthy course, every single individual or nation on the globe must play an active role through involvement in the pragmatic measures aimed at alleviating global warming from the world.This should be done today.REFERENCES 1,2,3 .Revkin, Andrew C, Rise in Gases Unmatched by a history in ancient ice, The New York times, 2005-11-054-9Tans, Peter, Trends in Atmospheric carbon dioxide, Mauna Loa.National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.10-14Hansen, pack et al (2006-09-26) Global temperature ChangePNAS 103 14288-1429315-23Purse, Betham V, Philips (Feb 2005) Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe (2) 171-18124-28Harte, John, et al, Shifts in Plant Dominance Control Carbon Cycle solution To Experimental Warming and widespread drought environmental research letters

Hedging Currency Risks at AIFS Essay

1. The final sales volume and the final dollar exchange rate gives rise to the gold exposure risk. Prices are set 1 year ahead of time so any fluctuation in the exchange rate volition potenti exclusivelyy cause a loss or savings to AIFS when the currency is exchanged.2. If the exchange rate remains constant at $1.22/euros then AIFS go forth not flummox a loss or a gain. It would cost $1220 per participant at this exchange rate. If actual dollar costs were above this level, then there would be a negative impact. If actual dollar costs were lower than expected, the impact would be positive. Thus, with a sales volume of 25,000 participants and the exchange rate rises to $1.48/euros then AIFS lead be subject to a loss of $4,391,892. If the exchange rate drops to $1.01/euros then AIFS will save $5,198,020.3. With a 100% forward hedge under a final sales volume of 25,000 participants, AIFS is facing a dollar inflow of $25,000,000. Under this assumption, the optimal amount of expenses would be 1000 Euros per student. Risk arises when currency rank between the Euro and the dollar fluctuate. From the European perspective, there is 25 million Euros in underlying exposure. If 25 million Euros were bought forward at the 1.22 $/euro rate, then 30.5 million dollars will be sold. If the contract was signed in June 2004, then 1 year 30.5 million dollars can be spent for 25 million Euros, leaving a net position of 0 Euros and 30.5 million dollars (100% forward hedge). With this forward hedge, AIFS is completely mitigating the exchange rate risk between the dollar and the Euro, and are thus protect from losing money if the exchange rate approaches 1.48$/Euro. With a 100% option hedge,4. The higher or lower sales volume would exaggerate whatever gains or losings AIFS will realize. We are able to utilize the AIFS shifting box to determine what the reactions to differing sales volume versus the exchange rate. If the volume is low and the exchange rate is extinct of the mon ey, the loss will be lower than if the volume was the same as projected. With alower sales volume but in the money elicit rate the gain would be realized, however again it would be smaller than the gain with the expected 25,000 participant value.For a higher sales volume and let out of the money exchange rate the loss would be the highest possible, which can be hedged by using an option. If the sales volume is high and the rate is in the money, this would be the highest possible gain, however it would also require AIFS to buy more currency. This is both good and bad news, because the exchange rate could be out of the money by the time AIFS is able to buy more currency. However if the exchange rate was in the money this option would be the outperform possible situation, creating the highest revenues of all possibilities.5. The option hedge strategy would be the policy we would advocate because AIFS purchases foreign currency based on the projected sales volumes. The option strateg y provides the best protection from the fluctuation in both exchange rates and sales volumes. We believe that due to the industry in which AIFS operates, the company is more likely to have a go at it higher fluctuations in sales volumes than in the exchange rates. The option strategy provides a more versatile option to hedge against this potential risk because AIFS will not be locked into a specific rate, as is the case with forward hedges.

Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development

Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development Discuss the relationship betwixt entrepreneurship, conversion and scotch development. What role do creativity and problem resolving power play in this relationship? In todays world, entrepreneurship and innovation atomic number 18 becoming increasingly crucial as drivers of the economic system, especially so in the developing economies where trade plays a major part in generating revenue. In China, small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) calculate for almost 70 percent of all Chinese exports, a sh be that reflects the above statement about the importance of entrepreneurship to economic robustness.Some questions may be raised on whether entrepreneurship lead to economic development or is the latter a prerequisite to facilitate the entrepreneurship and innovation butt againstes instead. This essay , while recognizing the need of certain institutions and exemplar to be in place and functioning well in order to ease the f unctioning of pedigree activities, takes the stand that entrepreneurship and innovation leads to economic development to a greater extent often than of the other modality around.Realising its potential, goernments initiatives piddle largely been centred on encouraging more entrepreneurs to start up a venture or to expand their be businesses. In the 2013 National Budget, the Malaysian Government has allocated a fund of RM 1 billion under the SME Development Scheme (News Straits Times 2012). This very government has also recently launched SME Masterplan (2012 2020). These initiatives are targeted at supporting and accelerating the growth and development of SME-s across all sectors of the economy.In evaluation though, more start-ups and new business ventures in an economy does non necessarily translate into economic growth and improvement. In order for the desired economic aims to be achieved, we need to ensure that the start-ups and existing businesses thrive and not fail, f or doomed enterprises more often than not suck resources out of the economy. This essay volition identify how businesses, victimisation innovative practices and creativity in both business operations as well as in problem solving, plunder achieve greater performance and sustainability in order to positively contribute to economic development.Jospeh Schumpeter defines entrepreneurs as innovators who implement entrepreneurial change within grocery stores (Ahamad, 2008). This can be in the sense of knowledgeability of a new or improved level-headed, introduction of a new method of production or business management process, and the exploitation of a new source of supply. In short, entrepreneurship is the act of identifying market opportunities and using innovative approaches to exploit them (Ahamad, 2008). trading opportunities are like buses, theres always another one coming (McAshan, 2011).Such are the words Richard Branson has used to hunt the ample opportunities available f or entrepreneurs to capitalize on. An entrepreneur can either start a venture by either involving themselves in a established market with certainty of demand for the goods get throughered, or they can exploit a new market altogether, by identifying a market niche and work on fulfilling the postulate of that certain segment. By undertaking the former, entrepreneurs face a large and possibly increasing pool of competitors. This market, as described in the book Blue naval Strategy, is the Red Ocean.In contrast, entrepreneurs who venture into an untapped market space, boil downing on demand creation, have unlimited potential to grow profitably (Chan & Mauborgne, 2005). The only way to beat the competition is to stop trying to beat the competition. Entrepreneurs should focus on undertaking the value innovation strategy proposed in the Blue Ocean Strategy. By creating a leap in value for buyers, a venture can open up new and uncontested market space, this makes competition irrelevant (Chan & Mauborgne, 2005).To be successful, entrepreneurs will need to undertake innovative processes in creating the product or service as so to distinguish themselves from the rest of the existing options in the market. In other words, the product or services offered must stand out, have relevance and good purpose, and suffers a high value add to consumers. It must provide the wow effect to the masses, which will in turn capture attention and help rake in revenues. Besides product and service innovation, innovation also can be implemented in improving the business management process.For role model, all this while, organizations are shaped in the top-down organizational structure. Innovative entrepreneurs mogul have a different preference on running the firm, and choose to have a flatter structure, defying the norm. This can rake in benefits as in a flat structure, creativity and feedback are encouraged, there is more empowerment of young people by the executives, leading to a more open and vibrant organization. This will provide amazing esults in terms of business performance especially in todays fast paced business world, which requires enterprises to be immediate and quick to adapt to changes (Griffin, 1999). Besides innovating and introducing a good and impressive product, an enterprise should also aim to develop strengths in multiple areas to gain an advantage over the rest of the field. Edges such as fantastic supply chain system which is due to good contacts and strong relationships with suppliers is a crucial factor in find out how well a business does.Toyota for instance, are famed for their Lean Production System, which is a key factor contributing to their status as market loss leader in the automobile industry. Besides that, the ability to develop strong brand loyalty with customers by establishing a culture of responsiveness to them is also another example of what an enterprise can focus on doing. It is easy to knock off an innovative produ ct, but an innovative business system is hard to replicate (Bhide, 1996).Businesses should indeed focus on enhancing creativity, building strong networks, utilize technology available to enhance performance, devise effective strategies to be incorporated in the business process, aim to build good reputation among consumers by providing consistent and reliable service and also, be ever-ready to act quickly, on both opportunities as well as issues that will arise every now and then (Bhide, 1994). When faced with a problem, how fast and how well an entrepreneur responds to it will have a telling effect on the business performance.It can potentially act as a morale booster if dealt well, and have adverse effects if not. Spardlin (2012) suggests that a large number of enterprises are simply not rigorous in defining the problems they are attempting to solve. The Creative Problem Solving Process Model suggest the use of an explorers mindset, as well as a detective mindset when it comes to defining problems. This is so as to pinpoint the problem, also identifying the opportunities and future-oriented aspects involved (Lumsdaine, 2009). When you ask the right questions, chances are youll be able to tackle the right problems well.InnoCentive, an innovation-focused problem solving consulting agency, has devised a four-step process for firms, to be used in defining problems and later solving them (Spardlin, 2012). This process has four main focuses. First, it aims to help users pinpoint the need for the solution, and state what the desired outcome is. Next, it articulates the strategic importance of the solution to the firm. Then, it looks into the methods that may have already been used, lie with the constraints involved and lastly a clear and complete problem statement is produced (Spardlin, 2012).This multi-steps process is important to rally the organisation around a overlapd instinct of the situation, its magnitude and amount of resources needed to be devoted to the rectification of the issue. More often than not, firms allocate inappropriate level of resources to solving problems faced too a few(prenominal) resources are allocated to high-stakes ones and excess resources are devoted to tackling wrongly defined problems or low priority ones (Spardlin, 2012). After problem definition, idea generation and evaluation follows.Using the artist, design and judge mindsets, organisations are encouraged to generate solutions through a creative, innovative and evaluative process (Lumsdaine, 2009). This process works well in brainstorming groups. As ideas are being suggested, chances are a constructive build-on will occur. Ideas will then be synthesized, and the best solution(s) will then be picked. The Pugh Method can be used in tandem with the idea evaluation process Concepts are compared in an advantage-disadvantage matrix.It can be used to compare the few available ideas in hand, choosing the best one ultimately, and it can also be used to bench mark against an existing concept in the market (Lumsdaine, 2009). With this, entrepreneurs can now be assured of a well-thought idea for their products or services or even when it comes to solving issues. The implementation of ideas, or the execution is a pivotal area of focus for entrepreneurs. Execution is as equally important as the idea itself. Entrepreneurship is not just all about being creative and inventing or innovating good products and services.A good idea without careful and precise implementation will not help a business reach its potential. Furthermore, an innovative new product or service may do very well when introduced, but its popularity will also attract new companies who will imitate and try to capture a share of the market. Thus the importance of laying strong foundations and fundamentals in terms of implementation must be stressed on by entrepreneurs. Aspiring entrepreneurs should piss the importance of working on establishing the business brand name as well a s using creativity in erecting barriers that will discourage imitators.This is especially crucial if their innovation of products are easily copied. This can be done by careful planning, acquisition and management of the necessary resources. Clearly, innovation, problem solving and creativity are all connected and play important roles in driving entrepreneurship. A society will be much better off with better products and services, as well as having the luxury of a wider range of product choices to choose from. Entrepreneurship will indefinitely spur economic development in a country.As mentioned above, enterprises contribute to the exports of a country, so in this aspect a country will record better balance of payments performances. Also, as consumers now have better quality goods produced locally, the dependency on imported goods can be reduced, and internal growth is spurred with increased consumption in the economy. closingly, as firms embark on the innovation drive, more techn ology usage will mean investment activities are bound to increase, contributing to the long run health of the economy. In short, innovation in entrepreneurship is important for economic development.Efforts to strengthen these practices should be undertaken by all parties, including the government. References Ahmad, N. and R. G. Seymour (2008), Defining Entrepreneurial Activity Definitions Supporting Frameworks for Data Collection, OECD Statistics Working Papers, 2008/01, OECD Publishing. Bhide, A. (1994). How Entrepreneurs forge Strategies That Work. Harvard Business Review. Bhide, A. (1996). The Questions Every Entrepreneurs Must Answer. Harvard Business Review. Chan K. W. & Mauborgne R. (2005), Blue Ocean Strategy How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make Competition Irrelevant Harvard Business Press. Finfacts. (2007).Chinese SMEs boost exports and growth More created in past 20 years than total number of SMEs in Europe and US combined. Available http//www. finfacts. com/ir elandbusinessnews/publish/article_1010697. shtml. Last accessed 20th November 2012. Griffin, D. (1999). Benefits in a Flat Organizational Structure. Available http//smallbusiness. chron. com/benefits-flat-organizational-structure-281. html. Last accessed 30th of November. Lumsdaine, E . , Binks, M . (2009). Entrepreneurship from Creativity to Innovation. Nottingham, University of Nottingham Institute for Enterprise and Innovation McAshan, T. (2011). 50 Great Entrepreneurial

I Believe That Every Thing Happens for a Reason Essay

But now I have a bun in the oven learned that it is true. I cant really explain how I came to realize, because I dont really know. I guess it was serious through with(predicate) my parents and through me becoming more mature and understanding as I grew older. I have learned through my own experiences and struggles of accepting affaires that come in my life that I didnt expect. In my opinion, there is no such thing as luck. Everything that God does has its own special purpose in each of our lives. Acceptance is a very difficult concept to gain.For people who have garbled a loved one or had something tragic happen to them, they dont want to go around saying that there is a obedient reason that happened, because it doesnt make sense to them. They dont understand how something good could come out of all of their get to and heartache. But God doesnt make mistakes. Maybe this struggle will help them to understand their purpose in life something that they neer would have realized a ny other focus. He knows what is right for you, even if you dont think its right for you at the time. Through our experiences and the things that we think go wrong in our life, God reveals things to us.He shows us our weaknesses and the things we need to work out in our lives. Sometimes, God puts us in these situations to bring us closer to Him so when things dont go the way we final causened, even if we are upset at first, we will run to Him for comfort and strength to get us through it. A lot of times, we dont see clearly Gods reasons for the things that he does. And we may never know Maybe it was to create a relationship with someone that you would have never met, or maybe something bad, in your eyes, happens to create something better in the long run.The things that go on in your life create a chain reception everything that you say and do leads to something else, which leads to something else. Everything that God does in your life fits in to that process somewhere, even if y ou dont understand why. You have to remember this when things do go the way you had planned, because there is probably a really good reason why things happened the way they did. Its a lot easier to understand through little situations. If you dont get accepted into the college that you were hoping to get in to, maybe its because you are going to meet your future husband/wife somewhere else.Sometimes you may think that just because your parents wont let you go to a party or spend the night at your aces house, your life is ruined, but you are wrong. Maybe God laid that on your moms heart to avoid you from getting in trouble with the police or in a serious car accident. You will never really know the true reasons for why these things happen, but all you have to do is remember that he has a reason for everything and have trust. If you put your trust in the Lord, you dont have to question things in your life. You just know that he will take care of everything.Every day, I apply this to my own life. I pray that things will go according to His plan and that I will accept the things that happen and learn from the experiences I have as a teenager, and even as I become an adult. Although my beliefs get me through my struggles, I still have problems with the acceptance of situations sometimes. Sometimes our selfish human nature makes us want to question God and ask him why things happen the way they do. But he is the one who knows what is best for us and his way will be a lot better for you in the long run.

Language acquisition: Nature or nurture? Essay

During the late 1950s, psychologists differed on how words is breakd. Skinner argued that language acquisition is based on instrumental conditioning, while Chomsky stressed that people are born with an innate capacity for acquiring a language/s, also called nativism. This paper argues that language is acquired through both nature and boot, because these two theories can help fully excuse language acquisition, instead of separately, although it is still unclear how much nature or nurture guides and impacts language acquisition.Language is acquired through both nature and nurture, because these two theories can fully explain language learning, instead of separately. Chomskys examples and some studies on the wag and language acquisition prove that children acquire their first language through a language faculty, which is a biologically independent system in the foreland that has an initial state which is genetically determined, like. . . the kidney, the circulatory system, and so o n (Chomsky, p.13, cited in Knezek, 1997). This is evident in how all homosexuals, except, those with language problems, understand particular ambiguities of language in the same manner (Knezek, 1997). Chomskys example is how children understand the meaning of a browned house across all cultures, referring to it as a house that is brown in the outside, and not inside (Knezek, 1997). This is remarkable because it shows how human beings make universal assumptions about the same words.Furthermore, studies showed that children, by the age of four or five, normally lease the language competence of adults, whatever their culture might be (Knezek, 1997). On the other hand, nativists can also not explain all the processes of language acquisition. Behaviorists argued that Chomsky cannot explain why people have special parts of the brain that are focused on language or why humans can parley through language while other animals cannot (Knezek, 1997).Most likely, people also evolved their la nguage capability by having their brain store the same skills and knowledge undeniable for language acquisition (Knezek, 1997). Furthermore, the universality of human language acquisition that animals lack can also be explained through the differences in brains and speech organs of human beings and other animals (Knezek, 1997). Human beings acquire language through nature and nurture.Up to now, people do not have a complete understanding of language acquisition processes, and studies show different results on why and how people acquire their languages as children, and even, as adults. At present, this paper shows that through evidence and examples, people acquire languages through their inherent capability for acquiring them and on how they make inductions about learning languages.ReferenceKnezek, M. (1997). Nature vs. Nurture The Miracle of Language. Pyschology. Retrieved May 30, 2010, from http//www. duke. edu/pk10/language/psych. htm

The Military in Art

The word propaganda has come to prolong sinister overtones though this was not always the case. Propaganda today evokes images of sinister lies and obfuscations told by enemies of the state to sway the minds of the citizens. Yet in a larger sense all art is propaganda to some degree and military art is propaganda on a grand scale. Art is designed to cause an emotional response in the viewer. Throughout history artists have served the state, willingly or not so willingly, in an effort to further the aims of the government, be it republic or clan of elders. Those belongs of art that are most effective are those that hit the viewer unreasoningly and cause a response that is near equal to the actual event being depicted in the art work. The works mentioned here are like that.I served in the United States Air press for six years as a military policeman. I have traveled to Saudi Arabia, capital of Kuwait and Korea. I have seen artwork that has evoked emotion in me and I have seen art th at was rightfully representational of the events I have seen. James Dietz work, I Shall Defeat Them on the Battlefield, can be undercoat as a limited edition print from the online gallery of the artist. The image size is 36 x 21.5 . It depicts the United States Army 75th Ranger Unit on the ground. This unit remains the Armys premier special operations force capable of conducting a full spectrum of operations to include operate action raids and forced entry operations (JamesDietz.com).Dietz depicts an action scene in a dim setting. In the background is the skyline of a city that was ancient in the days when Christ walked the lands of the Middle East. The contemporary warriors, carrying firearms and dressed in body armor seem incongruent beneath the palms and the domed edifices creating the negative post in the lower portion of the sky. An automobile is in the streets where camels would seem more at home, juxtaposed in contrast to the ancient city and the modern warriors, signify ing a delivery system of enemy fire.First Boots on the Ground, by William Phillips, is now available as a limited edition print, measuring 31 x 19 . It is a classic scene from the Viet Nam era, featuring a sky filled with helicopters and reminiscent of Apocalypse Now. The work depicts the 1965 battle of La Drang Valley, famous for its intensity. At 1048 the helicopter touches mickle, and Lt. Col. Moore, Sgt. Major Plumley, Capt. Metsker, Bob Ovellette, Al Bosse and Vietnamese translator Mr. Nik become the first boots on the ground at La Drang (OzarkAirFieldsArtworks 2005).This art is obligate and personal to me for it depicts the ultimate in warfare, that time when the soldier commits and becomes a weapon aimed at the heart of the enemy. He has left the relative safety of the helicopter. He no longer is behind the line depending on gunslinger or mortar fire, but rather advances, putting his life on the line as he moves inexorably toward the opposing warrior.Charlene Coopers movin g artwork, titled with the acronym B.O.M.B., signifying Blood of My Brothers, is a drawing in graphite and colo sanguine pencil. The intense blue of the flag is complimented by the red of the tear streaming down the face of the warrior. It appeals to me for reasons that would be clear to most combat veterans, as it shows the side of a soldier seldom seen or discussed openly.The man holds a folded American Flag as that single tear, executed in the red of blood, is seen to escape his eye. He shows the pent up emotion which soldiers rarely display and gives the viewer the understanding that he is a flesh and blood creature, endowed with all the sentiment and feeling of any other man. He is proud of the job he has done, but keenly aware of the price that was ultimately paid by so many of his friends and compatriots. I find Coopers work the most compelling of these three, for it appeals to a side of me that is most often hidden from the view of others.It touches me in a place where I am alone with my feelings and appeals to me on a spiritual level. Even her choice of title is compelling, bringing to the piece a thought-provoking message that transcends the art and gives the viewer ideas that there is more to the piece than what appears on the surface, making it multi-leveled and multi-dimensional. works CitedArtwanted.com 2007 B.O.M.B. (Blood of My Brothers) Retrieved 10-8-2007From http//www.artwanted.com/imageview.cfm?id=458010JamesDietz.com 2007 I Shall Defeat Them on the Battlefield Retrieved10-8-2007OzarkAirFieldArtworks.com 2005 First Boots on the Ground Retrieved 10-8-2007 from http//www.ozarkairfieldartworks.com/firstbootsontheground.html.

Nokia’s Luxury Mobile Phone for the Urban Rich Case Study Analysis Essay

IntroductionNokia, which is known to be a lavishness cadreular holler, is located in Finland and is a performr of telecommunication equipment, including an extravagant mobile whirl. It is presumable that the cellular phone, which was originated and presented by Frank Nuovo in 1997. It appears that this luxury mobile turn was directed mainly for the rich, and non the normal, everyday mobile phone user. The turn is appealing to many, precisely is not realistically hurtd for the everyday individual. The manufacture of this luxury phone is Vertu, a manufacturer who aims toward luxury services, including the finest designs, engineering and manufacturing. They have put together this luxury mobile phone using innovations in the making and the technology of mobile phones, along with the normal workmanship, but at full(prenominal)-end prices. Vertus headquarters are located in England and their products are in over 500 stores, across 66 countries.Synopsis of the SituationNokias CEO, Stephen Elop joined the company and within 5 months, on February 11, 2011, Stephen Elop proclaimed that Nokia was implementing a new mobile phone with Microsofts new Windows program, which was unconfirmed as Nokias main smart phone. After making this announcement on February 11, 2011, the stock wasteped and the share price went down by 14 cents, because the market was not interested in a smart phone that had not proved itself. With the stock dropping, Elop went full force to save Nokia and partnered up with Microsoft to manufacture and introduce a new global ecosystem in a mobile phone. The partnership led Nokia to producing the Vertu Luxury cell phone. This luxury mobile device was created by Frank Nuovo.Key IssuesBecause of the 14 cent share drop in stock, Nokia had to implement a plan to better their company. Nokias market was decreasing and this is when Stephen Elop was hired, in piece to make the changes to allow the company and the product to improve. Elop decided to ut ilize the newer Windows technology in connection with the mobile device. This was something that was new to the market, and the market was not familiar with this sort of mobile device technology. The problems that Nokia was set about were explained in a memo as there being an absence of leadership, along with accountability andcollaboration internally, leading to the inability of Nokia to sufficiently, effectively and timely provide innovative products to the people.Define the ProblemThe problem that is at hand is that Nokia had decided to take on a new technology and operating(a) system, allowing the possibility of things difference negatively and the companys shares dropping even more, because new technology and operating systems is what caused the shares to drop, to begin with. With Nokia operating with the Symbian operating system, it left it outdated because the software was one that was definitely outdated. Apple came in with a high technology and highly updated operating sy stem, leaving Nokia in a position where they were not keeping up with the competition and having difficulty delivering innovative products quickly enough.Selected Solution to the ProblemWith this new luxury mobile device that Nokia was producing, it was rapidly growing and spreading around in the luxury mobile device market. This made the device look promising along with attracting new customers. Other brands joined the growing new market, such as Gresso and GoldVish and Mobiado. Elop knew he had to do something and he solved this problem by choosing Vertu Luxury Mobile Phone. Since both Nokia and Microsoft have been popular and present for a long period of time, they were able to join forces and develop a product which was an outstanding one. Although the cost is high and the product tends to serve just the rich, this was the plan that was put into focalise from the start, working and operating in an ever changing area. Apples phones are able to be affordable and dominate its area of services, and with Nokia joining forces with Microsoft, they were able to create their luxury line for the rich.Implementation in that location was originally an entry level luxury mobile device, which Nokia had propelled, before the subsidiary of Nokia, Vertu, was released. This luxury mobile device was the Nokia branded 8800 Series which sold for $1,300. The Nokia 8800 series special edition was announced in 2006, with Aston Martin and then the 24 karat gold plated device came along, the Nokia 8800 Sirocco Gold, in 2007. Nokia continued to move forward and in 2008 they presentedthe Nokia 8800 ascorbic acid Arte. As long as Nokia was able to continue to enable Vertu to lead in the high-end luxury mobile device, they were able to empower Vertu.

Northanger Abbey Transformations

Explore the theme of Transformations in Northanger Abbey In Northanger Abbey Austen crafts from start to finish a perfect paradigm of her witness satirical wit and burlesqued humour, which go to all lengths imaginable to disguise and embed her novels transformations. These demonstrate her great skill as a satirist in making the reader dig for their own enjoyment.Her meaning is drenched in multiplex interpretations causing even complete opposites deal the transformed and un revisiond to blur together, leaving as filled says, The joke on everyone except Austen whose sophisticated meta-parody carries on transforming and confusing the reader (Fuller, Miriam 2010). Craik first contrived how to get the picture into Austens satire, and that was by realising that The literary burlesque is not incidental, nor integral (Craik, W A 1965).In my essay I am therefore going to delve deeply into the satirical, and reveal the true transformations Austen intended to present. The first cable te levision of the text identifies Catherine Morland as the novels central figure for transformation No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy would have supposed her born to be an heroine (Austen, Jane Northanger Abbey 2003 PP. 5). Austen then ironically, and ambiguously, decks her out to be a burlesqued parody of the heroic archetype, thus transforming the perspective of what constitutes a heroine.Traditionally they were thought of as intelligent, beautiful and isolated like Eleanor Tilney, but we are told Catherine is Occasionally stupidalmost prettyand (her father) was not in the least devoted to locking up his daughters (PP. 5 7). Austen reverses the polarity of Catherines character transforming her into a more modern heroine, her send being that anyone can be a heroine as long as they evolve as contend to stagnating like traditional chivalric figures such as Emily St Aubert (Radcliffe, Anne 2008).Already Austen is choosing transformation and change over se lf-stagnation, while with womens liberationist intentions breaks down the barrier that portrays women as self-reliant on the patriarchal strength of men by cost increase to live life on their own terms like Catherine Morland Let me go, Mr Thorpe. do not discernment me (PP. 73). Austen introduces the unchanged character of Eleanor Tilney to highlight Catherines subconscious refusal to be helpless and passive (Fuller, Miriam 2010).Eleanor unlike Catherine relies on men for support throughout her life first her father, and then through a man of band and consequence, which shows her real power (to be) nothing (PP. 185), in the light of Eleanors lack of transformation Catherines transformative nature is apparent by direct contrast. By deviating from this generic norm Austen sets up Catherines own transformation from innocent, naive girl to blossoming, self-reliant woman. However many critics have debated whether or not Catherine in fact changes at all.This is the case for her intuiti on, which is part of what Fuller called Catherines defences (2010), which according to Schaub Catherines romantic temperament, her intuition, is practiced in all her basic judgments (2000). Schaub is referencing Catherines interpretation of individuals such as General Tilney which all overthrow out to be correct in suspecting General Tilney of either murdering or shutting up his wife, she had scantily sinned once morest his character, or magnified his cruelty (PP. 183). A true transformation however does occur in Catherine abandoning her gothic unreality for objective reality (Butler, Marilyn 1975).Her change is illustrated in the fading out of Austens free substantiative narrative, observed in volume one, for the true direct narrative perspective of Catherine herself, heard strongly in her condemnation of Isabella she must think me an idiot, or she could not have written so( PP. 161). This narrative change shows the growth of mind that Austen observes in her own character, and she allows her the freedom to use it which has Catherine through transformative mistakes gain a great perspective on the world Nothing could shortly be clearer, than that it had been all a voluntary, self-created delusion (PP. 46). in the end a final sign of her ultimate growth is a change in her setting of alternative after marrying Henry Tilney. Instead of the sublime gothic grandeur of the abbey she chooses the simplistic pastoral setting of the parsonage In her heart she preferred it to any place she had ever been (PP. 156). The abbey of Northanger, that Catherine rejects, is traditionally seen as the key pickle for all gothic goings on. However it is my joint assertion with Fuller, that the social codes of Bath are as mazy as he passageways of Udolpho are to Emily, and according to Drabble like a minefield (2010) for the young Catherine Morland. Austen uses satire once again to confuse and camouflage the full roles these two settings play, making for a clever and shocking juxtaposition as settings now transform along different lines. This is done through almost frequent and obvious references to the gothic in the anti-gothic setting of Northanger Darkness impenetrable and immoveable filled the room (PP. 124) while contrasting it to more subtle and less noticeable gothic in Bath Mr Thorpe only laughed, smacking his whip ( PP. 2). If we conjoin Fullers argument that Northanger abbey is part of what she terms the Domestic Gothic (2010) a genre that highlights the internal threat to young women the then humorous misadventures of Catherine in Bath turn into events that closely resemble internal abuse. Particularly in the character of John Thorpe who transforms from a bawdy, comic figure, stumbling over himself to marry Catherine, into a sadistic sexual predator. This is seen in the simple contrast when he abducts young Catherine on a trip to Blaize castle (PP. 0), and Austen transform the light comedy of deception into a gothic abduction scene (Full er, Miriam 2010). In which Thorpe lashes his horse into a brisker trot and takes her into the marketplace (PP. 62) thus turning Catherine into a commodity to be owned (Fuller, Miriam 2010). In her sharp character transformations Austen shows how she can rework any of her characters in an instance, making them comic one moment and shake up the next, and it is also a warning to young women of the powerful and opportunistic members of society that reside in prudish resort towns like Bath (Fuller, Miriam 2010).Austens satire, as witnessed, goes to great lengths to confuse and mask her meaning. Her reasoning cigaret it is simply her own enjoyment, and her desire to praise her medium of choice the novel. Her complexity and ambiguity are provided part of an elaborate, and in itself satirical complement to novels which she believes display the most thorough knowledge of human nature, the happiest picture of its varieties, and the liveliest effusions of wit and humour (PP. 24). Bibliog raphy Austen, Jane (20031818) Northanger Abbey, Lady Susan, The Watsons and Sandition (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Fuller, Miriam (2010) Let me go, Mr Thorpe Isabella, do not hold me Northanger Abbey at the Domestic Gothic Persuasions The Jane Austen Journal (Jane Austen Society of North America) Craik, W A (1965) Jane Austen The Six Novels (W & J MacKay & Co ltd, Chatham, Great Britain) Schaub, genus Melissa (2000) Irony and Political Education in Northanger Abbey (Jane Austen Society of North America) http//www. asna. org/persuasions/on-line/vol21no1/schaub. html Accessed (27/0/2012) Butler, Marilyn (1975) Jane Austen and the state of war of Ideas The Juvenilia and Northanger Abbey (Clarendon Press, Oxford) Radcliffe, Anne (2008) The Mysteries of Udolpho (Oxford, Oxford University Press) Keymer, Thomas (2011 1997) Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen (University Press Cambridge, Cambridge) Bush, Douglas (19781975) Jane Aus ten (The Macmillan Press LTD, London)

Protecting the Global Environment Essay

1.IntroductionPopulation festering is unitary of the major environsal issues today. Some people argue, that rapidly growth existence is not hardly b otherwise and gentle race races will not destroy vitality-support clay on which we all depend. Contrary some argue that growing cosmos is a key number one wood factor of environmental destruction. The purpose of this research project is to explain the main arguments of both sides and to recommend achievable follow up in holy order to face with close important problems. numerous countries see contradictory the problem of population growth. Those country with relatively low population growth but high rates of breathing in said that the population is a main problem. On the other hand countries with low level of enjoyment but high save rates said that the use is a main problem. http//priven.com/popsprawl.html This debate is one of the main issues in modern attend of environment, so which polity we should apply? Shoul d we try to reduce population growth or consumption, or perhaps both?2.Human population HistoryAccording to Cunningham (2000) for a most of human history, population growth was very slow. Many studies of hunting and gathering societies show that the total globe population wasnt much than a few million people before innovation of farming and the domestication of animals around 10,000 years ago. The bigger and more(prenominal) secure food supply gos in human population to growth, chance uponing perhaps 50 million people (b.c). Moreover, some historical evidence and description suggest that only to the highest degree 300 million people were living at the time of Christ. During the nerve center Age, many diseases and wars held world population. The main reasons were lack of hygiene and life condition and as consequence make human life short and uncertain. During the most destructive disease, plaque that took many lives between 1348 and 1350, it is estimated that at least one-t hird of European population perished.At the end of last great plague, there w atomic number 18 about 600 million people on the earth. after 1600 human population increase rapidly and in 1800 reach one billion. It took a century and a half more to reach the 1950 figure of 2.5 billion. But in a post World War II period thepopulations was doubled in less than twoscore years, and exceed 5 billion. By the year 2000 world population had passed six billion. Today we are cladding with a human population explosion, in other words every secondly approximately foursome or five children are born somewhere on the earth and in the same second two other people die. This rigorouss that we have increasing by an average of 250,000 in human population per day, which is equivalent of another Switzerland every 30 days, and a new China every 30 years.(www.nyo.unep.org/ satisfy/Text/06-t.htm)When we discussed population growth we must consider that 90% of the projected growth love from undeveloped or currently developed nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In these developing countries there are a number of socio-economic realities that lead women to have more children. In economies that depend on family or communal agriculture, children are an economic assets they provide a valuable labour and the cost of rising them are very low. Many communities around the world still have limited access on adequate health finagle facilities, which often result in a high infant mortality rates and low life expectancy.When family lose, on average one in tree or four children they usually chose to have as many as it possible in order to maximize the number of children that will survive. On the other hand in developed countries where there are fewer educational and carrier opportunities, there tends to be earlier marriage and child bearing. In some countries char often start having babies when they are 15 years old, which result in more children per couple3. Limiting population as a aboriginal dodge in protecting environmentThe debate about whether human population growth is a fundamental obtain of ecological problems and whether limiting population should be a central strategy in protecting the environment has long historical roots.The rapid growing of population led the British spotless economist Thomas Malthus in 1798 to write Essay on the Principle of Population as it affects the early Improvement of Society. (Harris, 2001) He warned that the humanraces will excide productivity might, leading to food crisis and poverty. History has proved Malthusian hypothesis wrong His predictions were undetermined by technological improvement. On the other hand, if we consider a more sophisticated variation, the argument that a growing human population and economy system will in the end outrun its biophysical support system, we can see that the debate has strong current relevance.Authors such as capital of Minnesota and Anne Ehrlich published The population Bomb (1 968) and later The population explosion (1990) warned that continuing population growth could belabor all the benefits of modern science and economic growth and result in devastated and miserable planet. This Neo-Malthusians point of view achieved more attention and provides the strong point in debate on population growth. According to this commence a limiting population growth would be result in solving many environmental problems however result vary a lot, depending on which country or which type of damage we are looking at.According to the Harrison (1994) the possibility of Madagascar shows clear links between growing population and land degradation. Madagascars forests have been reduced to a narrowing strip along the eastern escarpment. Of the original forest espo utilize 27.6 million acres only 18.8 acres remained in 1950. Today the number of acres forest is only 9.4 acres, which means that habitat for the islands unique wild life has been halved in just forty years. anothe r(prenominal) example, which shows the process at work, is one village, Ambodiaviavy, near Ranomafana. Fifty years ago the whole area was heavy(a) forest. After French colonials burned down the old village, eight families came in Ambodiaviavy in 1947.At for the first time they formed only valley bottoms, which they easily irrigated from the stream running down from the top of hills. in that respect was no shortage on land and each family took as much of land as they were capable of working. After forty-tree years number of families grew to thirty-six but all-cultivable lands was occupied, so they started to clear forest, today they two-thirds of the way to the hilltop. Quite simply, more people on a planet will mean more resource to support them. allow out level are arisingIt is not surprising that many criminologists are now warning that a coarseglobal climate shift is underway and the main reason are human activities, especially the destroy of fossil fuel. Problems like erosi on, acid rain or global warning sometimes we do not even know where they are happening until they are far advanced, as in a case of ozone hole. Many scientists predict that thermal expansion of sea irrigate and melting of glaciers and polar ice will result to a metre bestride in a see level over a following 100 years. One billion people may be at risk from a one-metre rise in a see level many in the poorest countries while many of the low-lying peaceable and Indian Ocean nations may disappear. The thousand glaciers in east Himalayas have disappeared over the last century, 92% of Kenyas largest glacier has gone over the same interval, Artic sea-ice has cut 40% in the last 30 years, and the Greenland ice-sheet has thinned 6 metres since 1992. www.population.org.an/pressrm/newslet/nl200212.pdf One of the most threatening possibilities is that a massive inflow of cold fresh water from the Artic will halt the Gulf Stream, which drives much of the global ocean circulation.As a conseque nce this would cause Europe to freeze while the rest of the world sweltered. Rather than wait for global crisis dictates that we should take an action now. However, most analysts accept that increasing population places extra stress on the environment and resources, and there is all-inclusive agreement that limiting population is necessary. But how is to be accomplished? According to the Harris (2001) most well cognise example of this is Chinas one-child family policy. Birth rates can fall rapidly, however especially woman reach higher level of education, literacy, and take benefit from employment opportunities. Significant voluntary reduction of birth rates in many East Asian countries as well in the state of Kerala in India has resulted from higher levels of basic education, health care, and job security.Taking action to address population growthThere are many solutions that can be adopted in order to slow high growth population rates, done both by individual and community. Firs tly help to develop awareness in the community, so that everyone can understands the impact of population growth on the environment. Second, respond to the media. Take action direct to reports and comments about environmentalproblems and make links between population growth and environmental issue and development issue. Thirdly, support family planning initiatives, in order to inform people more about this program and to let them know the benefits that effective family planning could have for their community and the whole global environment. Another step could be encouraging all levels of government support (both expertise and founds). And finally develop special program for women that arrive at more opportunities for them to enter, re- enter or stay it the workforce, especially in undeveloped countries.4. Population growth oppose factorAccording to Harrison (1994) socialist from William Cobbett to Karl Marx attacked Malthuss arguments that population growth need immediate limit. U. S. land crusader Henry George in Progress and poverty (1879) that a huge U. S. population growth had surged side by side with a huge increase in prosperity. Economist Julian Simmon see moderate population growth not a problem at all. Instead of limiting population, more people mean more brain to think up more solutions. There is no meaningful limit to our capacity to keep growing forever. he wrote in 1981 in the Ultimate Resource. There can be benefits as wall as disadvantages in large human population. According to the Cunningham (2000) more people mean larger markets, more workers and continuing scale of mass production. Large number of people also means more intelligence and enterprise to overcome problems such as pollution or resource limitation. Human creative thinking and intelligence can create new resource by substituting new materials for old materials. applied science will discover practically limitless new or replacement resources, that pollution will be controlled by technology. While populations growth rates are definitely an issue, the size of human population is not the only determinant on the impact on the environment. The impact of people on their environment is not only in their number but also in their location in biosphere theirs level on consumption of energy and materials, and the technology used to attain a given standard of living. Mahatma Gandhi said 50 years ago that there is bountiful for everyones need, but not enough for everyone greed. According to the Alan Durning of the Worldwatch Institute, population acts as a multiplayer.Therefore, the total human impact on theglobal environment can be reduced by the moderating consumption. For example, industrialized nations, home of 22 % of the worlds population, consume 60% of the worlds food, 70 % of its energy and 85 % of its wood. They generate almost three- lodge off all carbon dioxide emission, which make them the main causes of most of the ozone depletion. (Hartman, 1994). Moreover, there are numerous countries where governments use inappropriate incentives for a food production, such as excessive subsidies may result from poor policy planning.Taking community action to address Unsustainable ConsumptionMany different actions can be devour in order to promote the concept of sustainable consumption. One of the actions is to help build awareness. Every individuals, presidency and community can help aiming to change attitudes and behavioural toward environmental sound product selection and life-style choice. It can be operate an environmental awareness program, which explore links between local production, consumption and environment, while motivating people to change their own behaviour. Another step is work with schools and the media in order to inform future generation. Also to promote green- consumption, encouraging people to purchase environmentally-sound product whenever they are available.5. purposeThere are many reasons that population growth has direct impact on environment. But which strategy we should choose in order to face with this problem? In the face of such uncertainty, we must posit what is at stake in the risky we chose to take. If the pessimist views of limits on the Earth get out to be correct, the revulsion and misery that would unfold as a result of continued population growth. On the other hand, if optimists turn out to be correct, there will be many generations ahead in which a pass on of life can be extended to additional billions. It is obvious that we need more than one strategy for dealing with growth. Therefore, solving a planets ecological crisis is not just about a having small families. Consumers also need to take responsibilities. It also should take into account the long-term effectof those action could have on ecosystem at both local and global levels.ReferencesAaron org. (1999) Population Growth and Sprawl. On line Available fromhttp//www.priven.com/popsprawl.html Accessed 17.11.2002AESP, declination 2000 Population The neglected Element in the Greenhouse Debate On line Available fromhttp//www.population.org.an/pressrm/newslet/nl200012.pdf Accessed 15.11.2002Cunningham and Saigo, Environmental Science, Global Concern, McGraw Hull, seventh edition, 2002 p. 137-158Harris M. J. (2001) Population and Environment. on line Available fromhttp//www.esig.ucar.edu/kuob/text.html Accessed 17.11.2002.Goldford D.T. Taking sides Clashing views on controversial Environmental issues, Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, 8th edition, 1999.